Research Article
Risk of Gastrointestinal Bleeding with Rivaroxaban: A Comparative Study with Warfarin
Table 3
Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with GI bleeding in both groups.
| Characteristics of patients with GI bleeding | Rivaroxaban | Warfarin | value | () | () |
| GI bleeding events | 7/147 (4.76%) | 15 (9.80%) | 0.094 |
| GI bleeding events with high dose | 7/87 (8.01%) | 15 (9.80%) | 0.65 |
| Mean age ± SD | 72.14 ± 15.40 | 75.80 ± 11.38 | 0.4801 |
| Gender | | | | Female | 2 (28.57%) | 7 (46.67%) | 0.4214 | Male | 5 (71.43%) | 8 (53.33%) |
| Ethnic group | | | | White | 6 (85.71%) | 13 (86.67%) | 0.9517 | AA | 1 (14.29%) | 1 (6.67%) | Others | 0 | 1 (6.67%) |
| Indication for drug | | | | AF | 5 (71.43%) | 10 (66.67%) | 0.8233 | VTE treatment | 1 (14.29%) | 5 (33.33%) | VTE prophylaxis | 1 (14.29%) | 0 | Other | 0 | 0 |
| Prophylactic dose | 0 | NA | |
| Therapeutic doses | 7 | NA | |
| Mean duration being on drug (days) ± SD | 29.00 ± 38.03 | 163.87 ± 143.5 | |
| Duration ≤40 days | 5 (71.43%) | 5 (33.33%) | 0.3770 |
| Concomitant with aspirin | 4 (57.14%) | 7 (46.67%) | 0.6471 |
| Concomitant with thienopyridine | 3 (42.86%) | 4 (26.67%) | 0.4476 |
| Dual antiplatelet agents | 2 (28.57%) | 3 (20%) | 0.655 |
| Concomitant with NSAIDs | 1 (14.29%) | 0 | 0.1341 |
| Hb < 12 | 3 (42.86%) | 7 (46.67%) | 0.8673 |
| Cr > 1.5 | 1 (14.29%) | 2 (13.33%) | 0.9517 |
| GFR ≤ 30 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | NA |
| ALT > 40 | 1 (14.29%) | 2 (13.33%) | 0.9517 |
| BMI | | | | <18.5 | 0 | 0 (0%) | 0.899 | 18.5–24.9 | 3 (42.86%) | 6 (40%) | >25 | 4 (57.14%) | 9 (60%) |
| Previous GI bleeding | 2 (28.57%) | 1 (6.67%) | 0.1632 |
| Upper GI tract | 3 (42.86%) | 6 (40%) | 0.899 |
| Lower GI tract | 4 (57.14%) | 5 (33.33%) | 0.29 |
| Occult GI bleeding | 0 (0%) | 4 (26.67%) | 0.1309 |
| Death related to GI bleeding | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | NA |
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AA: African American, AF: atrial fibrillation, ALT: alanine aminotransferase, BMI: body mass index, Cr: creatinine, GFR: glomerular filtration rate, GI: gastrointestinal, Hb: hemoglobin, NSIADs: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and VTE: venous thromboembolism events. Signifying statistical significant values.
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