Risk of Gastrointestinal Bleeding with Rivaroxaban: A Comparative Study with Warfarin

Table 4

Site of GI bleeding.

Site of GI bleeding	Rivaroxaban ()	Warfarin ()
Upper GI tract	(a) Distal esophageal ulcer with friable ulcer (1); (b) Gastric ulcer (1); (c) Esophageal varices (1)	(a) PUD (2); (b) AVM in stomach/duodenum (3); (c) Sphincterotomy site after ERCP (1); (d) Scopes were not performed (1)
Lower GI tract	(a) Rectal cancer (1); (b) Internal hemorrhoids (1); (c) Internal hemorrhoids with diverticulosis and multiple colonic polyps (1); (d) Sigmoid ulcers (1)	(a) Colon cancer (2); (b) Internal hemorrhoids; (c) Large cecal polyp (1); (d) Scopes were not performed (1)
Occult GI bleeding	None	EGD/colonoscopy/push enteroscopy were negative (4)

AVM: arteriovenous malformation, EGD: esophagogastroduodenoscopy, ERCP: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and PUD: peptic ulcer disease. Patient had hematemesis which indicated upper GI bleeding, but scopes were not performed because of patient’s refusal. Patient had bright red blood per rectum which indicated lower GI bleeding in the clinical scenario, but scopes were not performed because of patient’s refusal.