Endoscopic Approaches to the Treatment of Variceal Hemorrhage in Hemodialysis-Dependent Patients

Table 1

Demographic data in five patients undergoing endoscopic treatment.

Patient; number	Gender	Age	Etiology of cirrhosis	Primary renal disease	Creatinine; (μmol/L)	eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m^2)	Time interval between hemodialysis start and first bleeding (months)	Varices type	Child-Pugh; grade	Concomitant tumor
1	Male	34	HBV	Chronic glomerulonephritis	738	7.4	3.2	Only EV (G3)	B	HCC
2	Male	51	HCV	Chronic glomerulonephritis	878	5.6	34.9	Only GV (IGV)	B	/
3	Male	54	HBV	Chronic glomerulonephritis	1131	4.1	105.1	Only EV (G3)	B	/
4	Female	64	DILI	Chronic glomerulonephritis	546	6.8	12.6	Both EV (G3) and GV (GOV-2)	A	CRC
5	Female	67	DILI	Aristolochic acid nephropathy	542	7.4	81.9	Both EV (G3) and GV (GOV-1)	B	/

HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; CRC, colorectal cancer; DILI, drug-induced liver injury.
eGFR, estimate glomerular filtrate rate, using CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) equation.
Esophageal varices, Grade 3 (EV, G3), were defined as large, coil-shaped EV occupying more than one-third of the lumen.
Gastric varices (GV) were defined according to Sarin’s classification as lesser curvature varices (gastroesophageal varices type 1, GOV-1), greater curvature varices (GOV-2), or isolated gastric varices type (IGV).
Induced by unknown herb in traditional Chinese medicine.
Induced by aristolochic acid.