The Emerging Role of miRNAs and Their Clinical Implication in Biliary Tract Cancer

Table 1

Deregulated miRNAs in BTCs.

miRNA	Tumor	Expression	Target	Roles in BTCs	Reference
hsa-miR-21	CCA	↑	PTEN	Invasion; Migration Chemoresistance	[11–14]
		↓	TPM1	DNA methylation Histone deacetylation	[15]
		↓	15-PGDH	Inflammation	[16]
			HPGD
		↑	PDCD4	Lymph node metastasis; Migration	[17–20]
		↑	RECK	Migration; Metastasis	[21, 22]
		↑	TIMP3	Apoptosis	[18]
		↑	—	pTNM; Prognosis	[23]
hsa-miR-20	GBC	↑	SMAD7	Invasion; Metastasis; Migration; Prognosis	[24]
hsa-miR-34a	CCA	↓	C-MYC	Progression	[25]
	GBC	↓	PNUTS	Proliferation; Prognosis	[26]
hsa-miR-335	GBC	↓	BMI1	Invasion; Lymph node metastasis; pTNM; Prognosis	[27, 28]
hsa-miR-148a	CCA	↓	DNMT1	Prognosis	[29]
hsa-miR-31	CCA	↑	RASA1	Apoptosis; Proliferation	[30]
hsa-miR-200b/c	CCA	↓	SUZ12	Chemoresistance; Invasion; Migration	[28]
hsa-miR-210	CCA	↑	MNT	Progression	[25]
Let-7a	CCA	↓	RAS	Progression	[21]
hsa-miR-370	CCA	↓	MAP3K8	Inflammation; pTNM	[31]
hsa-miR-29b	CCA	↓	C-MYC	Apoptosis	[32]
hsa-miR-101	CCA	↓	VEGF	Angiogenesis	[33]
			COX-2
hsa-miR-200b/c	CCA	↓	ROCK2	Migration	[28]
hsa-miR-138	CCA	↓	RHOC	Migration	[34]
hsa-miR-376c	CCA	↓	GRB2	Migration	[35]
hsa-miR-124	CCA	↓	SMYD3	Migration	[36]
hsa-miR-204	CCA	↓	SLUG	Migration	[37]
hsa-miR-214	CCA	↓	TWIST	Migration	[38]
hsa-miR-200c	CCA	↓	NCAM1	Migration	[39]
hsa-miR-200b	CCA	↑	PTPN12	Chemoresistance	[14]
hsa-miR-29b	CCA	↓	PIK3R1	Chemoresistance	[40]
			MMP2
hsa-miR-205	CCA	↓	—	Chemoresistance
hsa-miR-221	CCA	↓	PIK3R1	Chemoresistance
hsa-miR-182	GBC	↑	CADM1	Invasion; Migration; Metastasis	[27]
hsa-miR-155	GBC	↑	SMAD7	Invasion; Lymph node metastasis Proliferation; Prognosis	[41]
hsa-miR-130a	GBC	↓	HOTAIR	Invasion; Proliferation	[42]
hsa-miR-26a	GBC	↓	HMGA2	pTNM; Proliferation	[43]
hsa-miR-135a-5p	GBC	↓	VLDLR	pTNM; Proliferation	[44]
hsa-miR-218-5p	GBC	↓	BMI1	Invasion; Migration; Proliferation	[45]
hsa-miR-146-5p	GBC	↓	EGFR	Apoptosis; pTNM; Proliferation	[46]
hsa-miR-1	GBC	↓	VEGF-A	Apoptosis; Proliferation	[47]
			AXL
hsa-miR-145	GBC		AXL
hsa-miR-143	GBC	↓	AXL	Lymph node metastasis; pTNM stage
hsa-miR-122; hsa-miR-187	GBC	↑