The Emerging Role of miRNAs and Their Clinical Implication in Biliary Tract Cancer

Table 2

Circulating miRNAs in patients with BTC as potential diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers.

miRNA	Expression	Samples	N samples	Potential biomarker	Method	Clinical implication	Reference
hsa-miR-9	↑	Bile	BTCs (9); HV (9)	Diagnostic; Prognostic	RT-PCR	Metastasis	[61]
hsa-miR-145	↑	Bile	BTCs (9); HV (9)	Diagnostic	RT-PCR	—	[61]
hsa-miR-21	↑	Plasma	BTCs (94); HV (50); BBD (2)	Diagnostic	qRT-PCR	Inflammatory reaction	[62]
		Peripheral blood	GBC (40); HV (40)	Diagnostic	qRT-PCR	—	[47]
hsa-miR-150	↑	Plasma	iCCA (15)	Diagnostic	qRT-PCR	Tumor progression	[63]
hsa-miR-106a	↓	Serum	CCA (103)	Prognostic	qRT-PCR	Lymph node metastasis	[64]
			HV (20)
hsa-miR-126	↑	Serum	PSC (40); CCA (31); HV (12)	Diagnostic	RT-PCR	—	[65]
hsa-miR-26a	↑	Serum	PSC (40); CCA (31); HV (12)	Diagnostic	RT-PCR	—	[65]
hsa-miR-30b	↑	Serum	PSC (40); CC (31); HV (12)	Diagnostic	RT-PCR	—	[65]
hsa- miR-122	↑	Serum	PSC (40); CC (31); HV (12)	Diagnostic	RT-PCR	—	[65]
hsa-miR-1281	↑	Serum	PSC (40); CC (31); HV (12)	Diagnostic	RT-PCR	—	[65]
hsa-miR -187	↑	Peripheral blood	GBC (40); HV (40)	Diagnostic; Prognostic; Predictive	qRT-PCR	Lymph node metastasis; Poor prognosis	[47]
hsa-miR-192	↑	Peripheral blood	GBC (40); HV (40)	Diagnostic; Prognostic; Predictive	qRT-PCR	Inflammatory reaction; Immune reaction; Lymph node metastasis	[47]
		Serum	iCCA (11); HV (09)	Diagnostic; Prognostic	miRNA RT-PCR array	Lymph node metastasis; Poor prognosis	[66]
hsa-miR-194	↑	Serum	CCA (70); HV (70)	Diagnostic	qRT-PCR	Tumor progression	[58]
hsa-miR -202	↑	Peripheral blood	GBC (40); HV (40)	Diagnostic; Prognostic; Predictive	qRT-PCR	Lymph node metastasis	[47]
hsa-let- 7a	↓	Peripheral blood	GBC (40); HV (40)	Diagnostic	qRT-PCR	—	[47]
hsa-miR -143	↓	Peripheral blood	GBC (40); HV (40)	Diagnostic; Prognostic; Predictive	qRT-PCR	Inflammatory and immune reaction; Lymph node metastasis	[47]
hsa-miR-335	↓	Peripheral blood	GBC (40); HV (40)	Diagnostic	qRT-PCR	—	[47]
hsa-miR-1307-3p	↓	Plasma	iCCA (13); HV (5)	Diagnostic	qRT-PCR	—	[67]
hsa-miR-1275	↑	Plasma	iCCA (13); HV (5)	Diagnostic	qRT-PCR	—	[67]
hsa- miR-320b	↑	Plasma	iCCA (13); HVs (5)	Diagnostic	qRT-PCR	—	[67]
hsa-miR-874	↑	Plasma	iCCA (13); HVs (5)	Diagnostic	qRT-PCR	—	[67]
hsa-miR-483-5p	↑	Plasma	iCCA (13); HV (5)	Diagnostic	qRT-PCR	—	[67]
		Serum	CCA (70); HV (70)	Diagnostic	qRT-PCR	Tumor progression	[58]
hsa-miR-885-5p	↑	Plasma	iCCA (13); HV (5)	Diagnostic	qRT-PCR	—	[67]
hsa-miR-92b-3p	↑	Plasma	iCCA (13); HV (5)	Diagnostic	qRT-PCR	—	[67]
hsa-miR-505-3p	↑	Plasma	iCCA (13); HV (5)	Diagnostic	qRT-PCR	—	[67]
hsa-miR-6836-3p	↑	Serum	BTCs (98); HV (150)	Diagnostic	3D-Gene	—	[68]
hsa-miR-6075	↑	Serum	BTCs (98); HV (150)	Diagnostic	3D-Gene	—	[68]
hsa- miR-4634	↑	Serum	BTCs (98); HV (150)	Diagnostic	3D-Gene	—	[68]
hsa-miR-4294	↓	Serum	BTCs (98); HV (150)	Diagnostic	3D-Gene	—	[68]
hsa-miR-6880-5p	↓	Serum	BTCs (98); HV (150)	Diagnostic	3D-Gene	—	[68]
hsa-miR-6799-5p	↓	Serum	BTCs (98); HV (150)	Diagnostic	3D-Gene	—	[68]
hsa-miR-125a-3p,	↓	Serum	BTCs (98); HV (150)	Diagnostic	3D-Gene	Tumor progression	[68]
hsa-miR-4530	↓	Serum	BTCs (98); HV (150)	Diagnostic	3D-Gene	—	[68]
hsa-miR-7114-5p	↓	Serum	BTCs (98); HV (150)	Diagnostic	3D-Gene	—	[68]
hsa-miR-4476	↓	Serum	BTCs (98); HV (150)	Diagnostic	3D-Gene	—	[68]

BBD: benign biliary disorders; BTCs: biliary tract cancers; CCA: cholangiocarcinoma; iCCA: intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; GBC: gallbladder cancer; HV: heath volunteers; PSC: primary sclerosing cholangitis.