Functional Bowel Disorders Are Associated with a Central Immune Activation
Table 2
Predictors of IBS. The covariates in the analyses were the groups (neurological/depression), depression (BDI-II), and one by one of the other variables.
Group
BDI-II
Other variables
OR (95% CI)
value
OR (95% CI)
value
OR (95% CI)
value
2.93 (0.95; 9.03)
0.062
0.66 (0.13; 3.31)
0.617
1.07 (1.02; 1.12)
0.012
0.58 (0.11; 3.00)
0.511
1.07 (1.02; 1.13)
0.009
Gender (male)
1.71 (0.58;5.09)
0.333
0.64 (0.13; 3.24)
0.590
1.07 (1.02; 1.13)
0.011
Age (years)
1.00 (0.97;1.05)
0.723
0.69 (0.14; 3.46)
0.651
1.07 (1.02; 1.13)
0.009
IL-10 serum (pg/ml)
1.12 (0.88;1.43)
0.357
0.75 (0.15; 3.79)
0.725
1.07 (1.02; 1.12)
0.013
TNF serum (pg/ml)
1.07 (0.95; 1.20)
0.246
0.73 (0.14; 3.72)
0.702
1.07 (1.02; 1.12)
0.011
TNF/IL-10 ratio serum
0.97 (0.87; 1.08)
0.572
0.59 (0.10; 3.46)
0.561
1.07 (1.01; 1.13)
0.020
IL-10-CSF (pg/ml)
0.15 (0.02; 0.97)
0.047
0.56 (0.10; 3.11)
0.509
1.08 (1.02; 1.13)
0.008
TNF-CSF (pg/ml)
1.10 (0.57; 2.11)
0.776
0.59 (0.11; 3.33)
0.550
1.07 (1.02; 1.13)
0.011
TNF/IL-10 ratio CSF
1.34 (0.52; 3.48)
0.548
0.49 (0.09; 2.76)
0.418
1.08 (1.02; 1.14)
0.007
Kynurenine serum
1.52 (0.54; 4.30)
0.429
0.46 (0.08; 2.61)
0.384
1.08 (1.02; 1.15)
0.005
Tryptophan serum
1.05 (0.99; 1.11)
0.107
0.56 (0.10; 3.05)
0.500
1.08 (1.02; 1.14)
0.008
K/T × 1000 serum
0.99 (0.94; 1.05)
0.754
0.55 (0.10; 2.97)
0.482
1.08 (1.02; 1.14)
0.008
Kynurenine CSF
>1.00
0.019
0.53 (0.09; 3.19)
0.489
1.08 (1.02; 1.14)
0.009
Tryptophan CSF
>1.00
0.048
0.54 (0.10; 2.96)
0.480
1.08 (1.02; 1.14)
0.008
K/T × 1000 CSF
1.00 (0.95; 1.05)
0.844
0.32 (0.04; 2.29)
0.254
1.13 (1.04; 1.22)
0.004
Propionic acid faeces
1.90 (1.04; 3.46)
0.036
0.35 (0.05; 2.34)
0.280
1.11 (1.03; 1.20)
0.007
Butyric acid faeces
1.06 (0.67; 1.69)
0.800
0.08 (0.01; 1.10)
0.059
1.17 (1.05; 1.31)
0.006
PmB faeces
6992 (10; 4,793,010)
0.008
Fractional polynomial logistic regression. BDI-II: Beck Depression Inventory-II; IL-10 serum: interleukin 10 in the serum; TNF serum: tumor necrosis factor in serum; IL-10-CSF: interleukin 10 in the cerebrospinal fluid; TNF-CSF: tumor necrosis factor in the cerebrospinal fluid; PmB: propionic acid minus butyric acid in faeces; K/T ratio × 1000: kynurenine/tryptophan ratio × 1000.
