Functional Bowel Disorders Are Associated with a Central Immune Activation
Table 3
Predictors of IBS-SSS. The covariates in the analyses were the groups (neurological/depression), depression (BDI-II), and one by one of the other variables.
Group
BDI-II
Other variables
B (95% CI)
value
B (95% CI)
value
B (95% CI)
value
86 (31; 141)
0.003
28 (−45; 102)
0.444
2.4 (0.3; 4.6)
0.027
23 (−51; 98)
0.533
2.6 (0.4; 4.7)
0.021
Gender (male)
24 (−24; 73)
0.317
23 (−51; 98)
0.529
2.8 (0.6; 5.0)
0.015
Age (years)
1.0 (−0.7; 2.8)
0.252
28 (−46; 102)
0.454
2.4 (0.2; 4.6)
0.031
IL-10 serum (pg/ml)
−1.5 (−12.6; 9.6)
0.787
30 (−45; 105)
0.429
2.4 (0.3; 4.6)
0.029
TNF serum (pg/ml)
0.8 (−3.9; 5.4)
0.745
24 (−51; 99)
0.526
2.4 (0.3; 4.6)
0.028
TNF/IL-10 ratio serum
1.8 (−3.2; 6.8)
0.480
23 (−54; 99)
0.551
2.3 (0.0; 4.5)
0.048
IL-10-CSF (pg/ml)
−69 (−146; 9)
0.084
30 (−46; 106)
0.432
2.5 (0.3; 4.7)
0.024
TNF-CSF (pg/ml)
32 (3; 61)
0.030
33 (−42; 108)
0.380
2.2 (0.0; 4.4)
0.046
TNF/IL-10 ratio CSF
55 (13; 97)
0.012
21 (−58; 101)
0.595
2.7 (0.5; 2.0)
0.020
Kynurenine serum
0.5 (−46.2; 47.1)
0.984
24 (−53; 102)
0.530
2.6 (0.4; 4.9)
0.021
Tryptophan serum
−1.4 (−3.5; 0.7)
0.194
17 (−61; 95)
0.668
2.8 (0.5; 5.0)
0.017
K/T × 1000 serum
1.3 (−1.2; 3.8)
0.304
34 (−44; 111)
0.387
2.4 (0.2; 4.6)
0.034
Kynurenine CSF (pg/ml)
>1
0.062
22 (−56; 100)
0.577
2.8 (0.6; 5.0)
0.015
Tryptophan CSF (pg/ml)
>1
0.150
21 (−57; 99)
0.589
2.7 (0.5; 5.0)
0.019
K/T × 1000 CSF
−0.3 (−2.6; 2.0)
0.797
40 (−42; 122)
0.332
2.6 (−0.2; 5.3)
0.065
Propionic acid faeces (mmol/l)
1.9 (−20.7; 24.4)
0.869
35 (−47; 118)
0.390
2.5 (−0.2; 5.2)
0.070
Butyric acid faeces (mmol/l)
−7.2 (−27.7; 13.2)
0.481
22 (−58; 102)
0.580
2.4 (−0.1; 5.1)
0.063
PmB faeces (mmol/l)
44 (−0.4; 87.6)
0.052
Fractional polynomial linear regression. BDI-II: Beck Depression Inventory-II; IL-10 serum: interleukin 10 in the serum; TNF serum: tumor necrosis factor in serum; IL-10-CSF: interleukin 10 in the cerebrospinal fluid; TNF-CSF: tumor necrosis factor in the cerebrospinal fluid; PmB: propionic acid minus butyric acid in faeces; K/T ratio × 1000: kynurenine/tryptophan ratio × 1000.
