Review Article
The Role of Endoscopic Ultrasound in the Diagnosis and Management of Primary Gastric Lymphoma
Table 1
Comparison of Ann Arbor, Lugano, and Paris (TNM) classification systems.
| Ann Arbor staging system | Lugano classification | Paris classification (TNM) | Lymphoma extension |
| IE1 | Confined to mucosa, submucosa | Stage I | T1–T3N0M0 | Confined to GI tract (mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria, and serosa) | IE2 | Confined to the stomach, invasion of the muscularis and/or serosa |
| IIE1 | Involvement of the stomach and contiguous lymph nodes | Stage II II1: local nodal involvement II2: distant nodal involvement | T1–T3N1M0 T1–T3N2M0 | Extending into the abdomen | IIE2 | Involvement of the stomach and noncontiguous subdiaphragmatic lymph nodes | Perigastric lymph nodes | More distant regional lymph nodes |
| IIIE | Involvement of the stomach and lymph nodes on both sides of the diaphragm | Stage III | T4N0M0 | Penetrating of serosa and adjacent organs | T1–T4N3M0 | Lymph nodes on both sides of the diaphragm |
| IVE | Hematogenous spread | Stage IV | T1–T4N0–N3M1 | Distant metastasis (e.g., bone marrow) |
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