Impact of Time-Restricted Feeding and Dawn-to-Sunset Fasting on Circadian Rhythm, Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Table 1

Impact of dawn-to-sunset fasting for one month on BMI or weight.

Authors	Groups	Number of subjects	Mean age or age range	Population	Reduction in mean BMI (kg/m^2) or weight (kg)
					Comparison between initiation and end of fasting^1,2,3,4,5,6	value
^1Adlouni et al. [24]	Men	32	25 to 50	Healthy	69.61 to 67.83	<0.01
^2Temizhan et al. [31]	Women	27	33	Healthy	23.6 to 23.6	0.05
	Men	25			24.3 to 23.0	0.05
^3Ziaee et al. [32]	Women	39	23	Healthy	21.3 to 20.9	0.002
	Men	41			23.1 to 22.0	0.136
^4Chaouachi et al. [28]	Men	15	18	Healthy	22.35 to 21.93	<0.01
^5Nematy et al. [29]	Women (44), men (38)	82	54	CAD, metabolic syndrome or CVD	28.4 to 27.7	<0.001
^6Norouzy et al. [30]	≤35 years old (women)	51	40	Healthy	24.1 to 23.7	<0.001
	≤35 years old (men)	31			26.4 to 25.9	<0.001
	36–70 years old (women)	31			27.7 to 27.4	<0.001
	36–70 years old (men)	127			26.8 to 26.4	<0.001

¹Weight was measured 1 week prior to fasting and on the 29th day of fasting. ²BMI was measured on the first day of fasting and last day of fasting. ³BMI was measured 3 days before fasting and on the 26th day of fasting. ⁴BMI was measured 4 days before fasting and on the 29th day of fasting. ⁵BMI was measured from 7 days prior to fasting to 2 first days of fasting and from the 27th day of fasting to 6 days after one month of fasting. ⁶BMI was measured 1 week prior to fasting and 1 week after one month of fasting.