Gastroenterology Research and Practice

Review Article

Impact of Time-Restricted Feeding and Dawn-to-Sunset Fasting on Circadian Rhythm, Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Table 2

Impact of dawn-to-sunset fasting for one month on lipid profile.
AuthorsGroupsNumber of subjectsMean age or age rangePopulationMean total cholesterolMean triglyceridesMean high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterolMean low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterolMean very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol
Comparison between initiation and end of fasting1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 valueComparison between initiation and end of fasting1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 valueComparison between initiation and end of fasting1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 valueComparison between initiation and end of fasting1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 valueComparison between initiation and end of fasting1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 value
1Adlouni et al. [24]Men3225 to 50HealthyDecreased<0.001Decreased<0.001Increased<0.001Decreased<0.001Not reported
2Temizhan et al. [31]Women2733HealthyDecreased0.001Decreased0.01Increased0.05Decreased0.01Decreased0.01
Men25Decreased0.01Decreased0.05Increased0.05Decreased0.05Decreased0.05
3Ziaee et al. [32]Women3923HealthyIncreased0.78Decreased0.42Decreased0.20Increased0.075Decreased0.33
Men41Increased0.51Increased0.09Decreased<0.001Increased0.237Increased0.12
4Aksungar et al. [25]Women2020 to 39HealthyIncreasedNSDecreasedNSIncreased<0.01IncreasedNSNot reported
Men20DecreasedNSIncreasedNSIncreasedNSIncreasedNS
5Chaouachi et al. [28]Men1518HealthyIncreased<0.05DecreasedNSIncreased<0.01Increased<0.05Not reported
6Nematy et al. [29]Women (44), men (38)8254CAD, metabolic syndrome, or CVDDecreased0.023Decreased0.000Increased0.000Decreased0.000Decreased0.000
7Al-Shafei [27]Normal control4055Normal healthy or hypertensiveDecreasedNSDecreasedSIncreasedNSDecreasedNSNot reported
Hypertensive40DecreasedNSDecreasedSIncreasedSDecreasedS
8Al-Shafei [26]Normal control4055Normal healthy or diabeticDecreasedNSDecreasedSIncreasedNSDecreasedNSNot reported
Diabetic40DecreasedNSDecreasedSIncreasedNSDecreasedNS
1Lipid profile was measured 1 week prior to fasting and on the 29th day of fasting. 2Lipid profile was measured on the first day of fasting and the last day of fasting. 3Lipid profile was measured 3 days before fasting and on the 26th day of fasting. 4Lipid profile was measured 1 week prior to fasting and at the 4th week of fasting. 5Lipid profile was measured 4 days before fasting and on the 29th day of fasting. 6Lipid profile was measured from 7 days prior to fasting to 2 first days of fasting and from the 27th day of fasting to 6 days after 1 month of fasting. 7, 8Lipid profile was measured 1 week prior to fasting and at the 4th week of fasting. S = statistically significant (), NS = not statistically significant; actual values were not reported.