Clinical Study
What Is the Value of the Learning Curve in Endoscopic Balloon Dilatation of the Major Papilla?
Table 1
Grading system for major complications of ERCP according to Cotton et al. [
21].
| | Mild | Moderate | Severe |
| Bleeding | Hemoglobin drop <3 g and no need for transfusion | Transfusion (4 units or less), no angiographic intervention or surgery | Transfusion (5 units or more) or intervention (angiographic or surgical) | Perforation | Possible or only very slight leak of fluid or contrast, treatable by fluids and suction for 3 days or less | Any definite perforation treated medically for 4–10 days | Medical treatment for more than 10 days or intervention (percutaneous or surgical) | Pancreatitis | Requires admission or prolongation of planned admission to 2-3 days | Pancreatitis requiring hospitalization for 4–10 days | Hospitalization for more than 10 days, local complication or intervention (percutaneous drainage or surgery) | Cholangitis | >38°C, 24–48 hr | Febrile or septic illness requiring more than 3 days of hospital treatment or endoscopic or percutaneous intervention | Septic shock or surgery |
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