Tumor Budding, uPA, and PAI-1 in Colorectal Cancer: Update of a Prospective Study

Table 4

Previous studies investigating the prognostic role of uPA and PAI-1 in colorectal cancer.

References	Year		Specimen	Protease	Method	Results
Mutoh et al. [6]	2008	25	Mice experimental	PAI-1 and PAI-1 inhibitors SK116 and 215	ELISA, RT-PCR, polyp formation, tissue	PAI-1 Blockers suppress polyp formation
Minoo et al. [7]	2009	975	Colorectal	uPA, uPAR	IHC, microarray	uPA but not uPAR is independently prognostic
Yamada et al. [8]	2010	100	Colorectal	PAI-1	ELISA, plasma	Predictive of postoperative recurrence
Kushlinskii et al. [9]	2013	166	Colorectal	uPA, PAI-1, tPA	ELISA, plasma	PAI-1 prognostic but only in univariate analysis
Hogan et al. [10]	2013		Colon cancer and mesenchymal stem cells	PAI-1	Cell cultures	PAI-1 is secreted by MSC
Kim et al. [11]	2013	3136	Colorectal	PAI-1	ELISA, plasma	No independent association between PAI-1 and polyp-formation; univariable weakly significant
Iacoviello et al. [12]	2013	850	Colorectal	PAI-1	ELISA, plasma	Risk factor for colorectal cancer
Sánchez-Tilló [13]	2013		Colorectal		Cell cultures	ZEB1 regulates uPA and PAI1 and promotes invasiveness
Chen et al. [14]	2015	108	Colorectal	PAI-1	ELISA, plasma, and cell cultures	Silencing of PAI-1 suppresses CR cancer progression

ELISA, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; RT-PCR, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; IHC, immunohistochemistry; MSC, mesenchymal stem cells; CR, colorectal. Note: literature from 1993–2008 is given in [4].