Hepatitis C Virus and Nonliver Solid Cancers: Is There an Association between HCV and Cancers of the Pancreas, Thyroid, Kidney, Oral Cavity, Breast, Lung, and Gastrointestinal Tract?

Table 6

Cohort studies for association of chronic HCV infection with renal cancer (RC).

Author	Country	Study period	Total number; of subjects	RC (n)/HCV; (+) cases (n)	RC (n)/HCV; (−) cases (n)	OC	EC	Person-years	Risk; (95% CI)
Gordon et al. [41]	USA	1997–2006	67,063	17/3057	177/64,006	NA	NA	NA	HR 1.7 (1.0–2.9)
Hofmann et al. [42]	Sweden	1990–2006	258,000	29/43,000	NA/215,000	NA	NA	400,196	SIR 1.2 (0.8–1.7); SMR 1.2 (0.6–2.2)
Omland et al. [35]	Denmark	1994–2003	4204	4/4204	NA	4	1.1	15,980	SIR 3.6 (0.9–9.2)
Amin et al. [28]	Australia	1990–2002	117,547	18/75,834	NA	18	NA	356,775	SIR 0.5 (0.1–3.4)

OC: observed cases; EC: expected cases; CI: confidence interval; SIR: standardized incidence rate; SMR: standardized mortality rate; NA: not available.