Antireflux Metal Stent for Initial Treatment of Malignant Distal Biliary Obstruction

Table 2

Clinical outcomes of the ARMS and c-CSEMS groups.

	ARMS group ()	c-CSEMS group ()	value
Technical success (%)	32/32 (100)	27/27 (100)	—
Functional success (%)	31/32 (96.9)	26/27 (96.2)	1.000
Median procedure time (min)	30 (15–50)	40 (20–70)	0.735
Complications (%)	2 (6.2)	2 (7.4)	1.000
Cholecystitis	1	2	0.588
Liver failure	1	0	1.000
Recurrent biliary obstruction (%)	15/31 (48.4)	12/26 (46.2)	0.866
Overgrowth	1	1	1.000
Sludge accumulation	9	5	0.584
Food impaction	0	4	0.037
Migration	5	2	0.436
	Distal 3	Distal 2
	Proximal 2	Proximal 0
Reintervention (%)	14/15 (93.3)	11/12 (91.7)	1.000
Cleaning and drainage	2	4
Additional stenting (stent in stent)	0	1
Replacing stent	12	6

. ARMS: antireflux metal stent; c-CSEMS: conventional covered self-expandable metal stent.