Different Anatomical Subsites of Colon Cancer and Mortality: A Population-Based Study
Table 2
Univariate and multivariate analysis of overall and cancer-specific survival in patients with colon cancer.
Variable
Overall survival
Cancer-specific survival
Univariate
Multivariate
Univariate
Multivariate
HR (95% CI)
HR (95% CI)
HR (95% CI)
HR (95% CI)
Year of diagnosis
1973–1982
Reference
Reference
Reference
Reference
1983–1992
0.88 (0.87, 0.89)
<0.001
0.87 (0.86, 0.89)
<0.001
0.82 (0.80, 0.83)
<0.001
0.82 (0.81, 0.84)
<0.001
1993–2002
0.74 (0.73, 0.75)
<0.001
0.73 (0.72, 0.74)
<0.001
0.67 (0.66, 0.68)
<0.001
0.64 (0.63, 0.66)
<0.001
2003–2012
0.59 (0.58, 0.59)
<0.001
0.62 (0.61, 0.63)
<0.001
0.54 (0.53, 0.55)
<0.001
0.52 (0.51, 0.53)
<0.001
Age at diagnosis
<50 y
Reference
Reference
Reference
Reference
50–69 y
1.34 (1.32, 1.37)
<0.001
1.48 (1.46, 1.51)
<0.001
1.02 (1.00, 1.04)
0.091
1.19 (1.17, 1.21)
<0.001
≥70 y
2.45 (2.41, 2.49)
<0.001
2.87 (2.82, 2.92)
<0.001
1.17 (1.15, 1.19)
<0.001
1.58 (1.55, 1.61)
<0.001
Gender
Male
Reference
Reference
Reference
Reference
Female
0.93 (0.93, 0.94)
<0.001
0.81 (0.80, 0.81)
<0.001
0.93 (0.92, 0.94)
<0.001
0.89 (0.88, 0.90)
<0.001
Race
White
Reference
Reference
Reference
Reference
Black
1.08 (1.07, 1.10)
<0.001
1.15 (1.13, 1.16)
<0.001
1.20 (1.18, 1.22)
<0.001
1.18 (1.17, 1.20)
<0.001
Other (AP, AI/AN)
0.77 (0.76, 0.78)
<0.001
0.86 (0.85, 0.88)
<0.001
0.84 (0.82, 0.85)
<0.001
0.91 (0.89, 0.93)
<0.001
Primary site
Right
Reference
Reference
Reference
Reference
Left
0.86 (0.85, 0.87)
<0.001
0.92 (0.92, 0.93)
<0.001
0.93 (0.92, 0.94)
<0.001
0.92 (0.91, 0.93)
<0.001
Insurance status
Insured
Reference
Reference
Reference
Reference
Uninsured
1.21 (1.14,1.28)
<0.001
1.21 (1.15,1.28)
<0.001
1.43 (1.35, 1.52)
<0.001
1.11 (1.04, 1.18)
<0.001
Marital status
Unmarried
Reference
Reference
Reference
Reference
Married
1.37 (1.36, 1.39)
<0.001
1.26 (1.25, 1.27)
<0.001
1.18 (1.17, 1.19)
<0.001
1.14 (1.12, 1.15)
<0.001
Tumour stage
Localized
Reference
Reference
Reference
Reference
Regional
1.59 (1.57, 1.60)
<0.001
1.62 (1.60, 1.63)
<0.001
3.34 (3.29, 3.40)
<0.001
3.22 (3.16, 3.27)
<0.001
Distant
6.60 (6.53, 6.67)
<0.001
6.99 (6.91, 7.08)
<0.001
17.98 (17.68, 18.28)
<0.001
16.98 (16.68, 17.29)
<0.001
Tumour grade‡
I
Reference
Reference
Reference
Reference
II
1.15 (1.14, 1.17)
<0.001
1.07 (1.06, 1.09)
<0.001
1.40 (1.37,1.43)
<0.001
1.16 (1.14, 1.18)
<0.001
III
1.75 (1.72, 1.78)
<0.001
1.38 (1.35, 1.40)
<0.001
2.54 (2.49, 2.60)
<0.001
1.64 (1.60, 1.67)
<0.001
IV
1.86 (1.78, 1.93)
<0.001
1.54 (1.48, 1.60)
<0.001
2.65 (2.53, 2.78)
<0.001
1.82 (1.73, 1.91)
<0.001
Chemotherapy
Yes
Reference
Reference
Reference
Reference
No
0.83 (0.83, 0.84)
<0.001
1.13 (1.12, 1.15)
<0.001
1.85 (1.83, 1.87)
<0.001
1.06 (1.05, 1.07)
<0.001
Surgery
Yes
Reference
Reference
Reference
Reference
No
4.41 (4.43, 4.49)
<0.001
2.59 (2.54, 2.63)
<0.001
5.42 (5.32, 5.52)
<0.001
2.62 (2.56, 2.67)
<0.001
Radiation therapy
Yes
Reference
Reference
Reference
Reference
No
0.82 (0.80, 0.83)
<0.001
0.91 (0.90, 0.93)
<0.001
0.61 (0.59, 0.62)
<0.001
0.86 (0.84, 0.88)
<0.001
‡I means well differentiated; II means moderately differentiated; III means poorly differentiated; IV means undifferentiated. AP: Asian or Pacific Islander; AI/AN: American Indian/Alaska Native.
