Oral Health Impact Profile in Celiac Patients: Analysis of Recent Findings in a Literature Review

Table 1

CD and OH parameters recorded in the studies with low risk of bias (CD = celiac disease, PD = parodontal disease, OH = oral health, DDE = developmental defects of enamel, DED = dental enamel defects, and AGA = antigliadin antibodies).

References	Year	Author	Subjects ()	Type of correlation	Result	Statistic
[36]	2018	Spinell et al.	6661	PD and CD	There is no significant correlation between PD and CD.
[37]	2017	van Gils et al.	5522	CD and xerostomia; CD and OH	OHIP-14 and XI tests were performed.	for both
[38]	2013	Rivera et al.	20	CD and enamel hypoplasia; CD and aphthous ulcers; CD and delayed eruption	Oral manifestations. In the long list of clinical signs and symptoms that have been found significantly associated with CD are oral manifestations such as dental enamel hypoplasia, aphthous ulcers, and delayed eruption of teeth.	Reported as significant values, insufficient extrapolated statistical data
[39]	2013	Shteyer et al.	90	CD and enamel defects; CD and aphthous stomatitis, DMFT	A high prevalence of enamel hypoplasia (66%) was found in children with CD. Plaque index was significantly lower in the celiac-treated group.
[40]	2012	Mina et al.	25	CD and OH, enamel alteration	DMFT, enamel alterations, gingival index, and oral hygiene were evaluated in this study.
[41]	2010	Tsami et al.	35	CD and OH	The periodontal treatment need of children and adolescents with CD was high, most of them needed treatment for gingivitis (60.01%), and only a few subjects had a healthy periodontium (34.29%).
[42]	2018	Souto-Souza et al.	2840	CD and OH; CD and enamel alterations	This meta-analysis indicated a high prevalence of DDE among celiac patients with a significant association of DDE with this population when compared to healthy people.
[43]	2016	Sóñora et al.	21	CD and enamel defects	These results strongly suggest a pathological role for antibodies to gliadin in enamel defect dentition for both deciduous and permanent teeth.	Insufficient extrapolated statistical data
[44]	2012	Muñoz et al.	64	CD and enamel defects	This work describes structural similarities between gliadins and proline-rich enamel proteins and shows that potential cross-reactions of AGA could take place during amelogenesis in untreated patients.; Further work is underway to study the biological effects of AGA on enamel formation to evaluate their putative role in the pathogenesis of DED in untreated CD.