Factors Associated with Recurrent Ulcers in Patients with Gastric Surgery after More Than 15 Years: A Cross-Sectional Single-Center Study
Table 1
The distribution of independent variables of interest in the studied groups.
Variables
Nonulcer group ()
Ulcer group ()
valuea
No. of cases (%)
No. of cases (%)
Gender
Female
18 (32.7)
6 (28.6)
0.789
Male
37 (67.3)
15 (71.4)
Age
<60 years
15 (27.3)
7 (33.3)
0.778
≥60 years
40 (72.7)
14 (66.7)
Smoking
No
46 (83.6)
13 (61.9)
0.064
Yesb
9 (16.4)
8 (38.1)
LDAc
No
34 (61.8)
8 (38.1)
0.063
Yes
21 (38.2)
13 (61.9)
Clopidrogrelum
No
47 (85.5)
16 (76.2)
0.338
Yes
8 (14.5)
5 (23.8)
NSAIDsd
No
51 (92.7)
17 (81.0)
0.135
Yes
4 (7.3)
4 (19.0)
Anticoagulants
No
49 (89.1)
17 (81.0)
0.449
Yes
6 (10.9)
4 (19.0)
H. pylori
Negative
47 (85.5)
20 (95.2)
0.430
Positive
8 (14.5)
1 (4.8)
Alcohol consumptione
No
46 (83.6)
11 (52.4)
0.008
Yes
9 (16.4)
10 (47.6)
Biliary reflux
No
23 (41.8)
4 (19.0)
0.106
Yes
32 (58.2)
17 (81.0)
Diabetes mellitus
No
42 (76.4)
15 (71.4)
0.657
Yes
13 (23.6)
6 (28.6)
Chronic kidney disease
No
42 (76.4)
12 (57.1)
0.156
Yes
13 (23.6)
9 (42.9)
Chronic liver disease
No
33 (60.0)
10 (47.6)
0.439
Yes
22 (40.0)
11 (52.4)
Respiratory disease
No
44 (80.0)
13 (61.9)
0.139
Yes
11 (20.0)
8 (38.1)
Osteoarthritis
No
42 (76.4)
13 (61.9)
0.255
Yes
13 (23.6)
8 (38.1)
Symptomsf
No
21 (38.2)
9 (42.9)
0.795
Yes
34 (61.8)
12 (57.1)
aObtained from chi-square or Fisher’s exact test; bover 5 cigarettes/day including quitters during the past 5 years; cLDA = low-dose aspirin (75–125 mg/day); dNSAIDs: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, regular daily doses; emore than 10 units/week, 1 unit = 10 ml pure alcohol; fsymptoms = at least one symptom from upper abdominal pain, heartburn, and nausea/vomiting.
