Long-Term Outcomes of Caustic Esophageal Stricture with Endoscopic Balloon Dilatation in Chinese Children

Table 2

Comparison between esophageal balloon dilatation (EBD) clinical resolution and failure groups. Values are expressed as (range).

Variable	EBD success (range) or N	EBD failure (range) or	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analyses (generalized linear mixed models)				95% OR LCI	95% OR UCI
			Statistics		Coefficient	t	P	OR
Diameter of stricture (mm)	3.4 ± 1.5 (6)	2.7 ± 1.2 (5)	1.69^a	0.099	−0.24	−0.539	0.59	0.787	0.326	1.896
Length of stricture (cm)	4.0 ± 1.9 (7)	7.6 ± 3.2 (13)	4.622^a	<0.001	1.165	2.398	0.018	3.206	1.228	8.371
Time of first EBD (weeks)	7.6 ± 3.3 (16)	6.6 ± 2.9 (12)	0.952^a	0.347	0.045	0.491	0.624	1.046	0.872	1.033
Number of EBD	3.0 ± 1.8 (7)	5.2 ± 4.6 (15)	1.443^b	0.149	—	—	—	—	—	—
Interval of EBD (months)	2.3 ± 2.3 (9.7)	1.9 ± 1.5 (4.9)	0.623^a	0.536	−0.003	−0.009	0.993	0.997	0.445	2.182
Median follow-up time (months)	77.0 ± 27.0 (97)	64.0 ± 13.0 (44)	1.628^b	0.104	−0.054	−1.235	0.219	0.948	0.87	1.033
Age	46 ± 29 (121)	40 ± 23 (83)	0.698^a	0.489	−0.044	−0.449	0.654	0.957	0.787	1.163
Gender (female/male (reference))	7/19	7/10	0.951^c	0.329	1.908	0.878	0.381	6.74	0.092	493.12
Caustic substance
Alkali	16	10			−2.091	−0.849	0.397	0.124	0.001	16.025
Acids	5	4			1.154	−0.404	0.687	3.171	0.011	896.717
Detergents and bleach (reference)	5	3	0.251^c	0.999	—	—	—	—	—	—
Dysphagia score
Grade 1	1	0			−21,567	−0.003	0.999	0	0	—
Grade 2	7	4			−8.608	−0.003	0.999	0	0	—
Grade 3	18	12	2.125^c	0.811	−10.309	−0.003	0.999	0	0	—
Grade 4 (reference)	0	1			—	—	—	—	—	—
Stricture location
Upper esophagus	2	2			−18.338	−0.014	0.993	0	0	—
Middle esophagus	19	12			−21.503	−0.017	0.991	0	0	—
Lower esophagus	3	0	3.664	0.552	−21.61	−0.017	0.991	0	0	—
Middle and low esophagus	2	2			−32.553	−0.013	0.993	0	0	—
All esophagus (reference)	0	1			—	—	—	—	—

^a-test; ^brank-sum test; ^cchi-square test or Fisher exact method. Values are expressed as (range) in EBD clinical resolution and EBD failure.