Prediction of the Clinical Outcomes of Sigmoid Volvulus by Abdominal X-Ray: AXIS Classification System

Table 1

Patient characteristics.

Variable	AXIS classification
	Total; (%)	Group A; (%)	Group B; (%)	Group C; (%)
Age, years (±SD)	76.9 ± 10.3	78.3 ± 8.1	74.0 ± 13.4	80.3 ± 4.0
Sex, male	47 (71.2)	27 (67.5)	18 (78.3)	2 (66.7)
Performance status score ≥ 2	42 (63.4)	22 (55.0)	18 (78.3)	2 (66.7)
ASA score ≥ 2	57 (86.4)	32 (80.0)	22 (95.7)	3 (100)
Body mass index (±SD)	20.1 ± 4.3	21.4 ± 4.4	20.1 ± 4.2	22.1 ± 4.7
History of abdominal surgery	18 (27.3)	13 (32.5)	5 (21.7)	0
Charlson comorbidity index ≥ 2	29 (43.9)	17 (42.5)	12 (50.2)	0
Comorbidities
Ischemic heart disease	12 (18.2)	7 (17.5)	5 (21.4)	0
Chronic heart failure	3 (4.5)	2 (5.0)	0	1 (33.3)
Diabetes mellitus	8 (12.1)	4 (10.0)	3 (13.0)	1 (33.3)
Peripheral vascular disease	2 (3.0)	2 (5.0)	0	0
Cerebrovascular disease	12 (18.2)	5 (12.5)	6 (26.1)	1 (33.3)
Dementia	4 (6.1)	2 (5.0)	2 (8.7)	0
COPD	6 (9.1)	2 (5.0)	4 (17.4)	0
Liver cirrhosis	4 (6.1)	2 (5.0)	2 (8.7)	0
Chronic renal disease	4 (6.1)	2 (5.0)	2 (8.7)	0
Cancer	8 (12.1)	6 (15.0)	2 (8.7)	0

Abbreviations: ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SD: standard deviation.