Microbial Profiles and Risk Factors of Preexisting Biliary Infection in Patients with Therapeutic Endoscopy
Table 4
Univariate analysis of risk factors for bile infection.
Factors
Positive culture ()
Negative culture ()
value
Gender
Male
228
358
0.466
0.495
Female
135
235
Age
≥60 years
226
256
32.061
<0.001
<60 years
137
337
Previous ERCP history
Yes
145
129
35.558
<0.001
No
218
464
Previous Billroth II history
Yes
3
3
0.035
0.852
No
360
590
Previous OLT
Yes
13
5
7.716
0.005
No
359
588
Preoperative jaundice drug therapy
Yes
161
315
6.577
0.010
No
202
278
Endoscopic diagnoses
Normal cholangiopancreatography
1
20
17.719
0.012
Cholelithiasis
276
418
Malignant strictures
41
80
Benign strictures
27
31
Bile duct expansions for UR
12
27
Pancreatic disorders
1
4
Other diseases
4
5
Clonorchiasis
1
8
Common bile duct diameters
≥12mm
284
344
39.981
<0.001
<12mm
79
249
Papilla types
Normal
221
460
41.289
<0.001
Minor papilla
5
17
Papillary diverticulum
104
77
Papillary carcinoma
20
23
Papillary fistula
13
16
Patterns of cannulation
Routine
353
557
5.412
0.067
Dual-guidewire
6
21
Precut papillotomy
4
15
OLT: orthotopic liver transplantation. Bile duct expansions for UR: unknown reasons. Papillary precut: a needle-like knife was used to cut layer by layer from 11 o’clock position of the papillary uplift highest point to papillary openings, or a needle-like knife was vertically used to pierce and fenestrate via the highest point of the papillary highest bump.
