The Clinical and Economic Burden of Colorectal Anastomotic Leaks: Middle-Income Country Perspective

Table 1

Demographics and perioperative information of the study patients.

Variable	With AL ()	Without AL ()	value
Male gender	14 (60.9)	123 (39.2)	0.049
Age (years)			0.670
ICD code			0.093
Gastrointestinal cancers	11 (47.8)	74 (23.6)
Other cancers^1	1 (4.3)	12 (3.8)
Endometriosis	1 (4.3)	44 (14.0)
Diverticular disease	1 (4.3)	40 (12.7)
Other^2	9 (39.1)	144 (45.9)
Chemotherapy	1 (4.3)	24 (7.6)	1.000
Radiotherapy	1 (4.3)	13 (4.1)	1.000
Emergency surgery	9 (39.1)	48 (15.3)	0.007
Multivisceral resection	9 (39.1)	103 (32.8)	0.647
Laparoscopic surgery	5 (21.7)	118 (37.6)	0.178
Protective stoma	11 (47.8)	45 (14.3)	<0.001
ICU admission	19 (82.6)	158 (50.3)	0.004
Blood transfusion	13 (56.5)	44 (14.0)	<0.001

The sample is comprised of 337 patients. Data is presented as the number of patients (%) except for age, which is expressed as deviation. ICU: intensive care unit; ICD: International Classification of Diseases. ¹There were 11 cases of cancer in other localizations (3 cervical cancers, 5 ovarian cancers, 2 prostate cancers, and 1 uterine cancer) and 2 unspecified cancer codes. ²An unspecific diagnosis such as the acute abdomen, bowel abscess, inflammatory bowel disease, bowel motility disorders, abdominal pain, hemorrhage, intra-abdominal mass, benign tumors, intestinal obstruction, peritonitis, and bowel volvulus.