The Clinical and Economic Burden of Colorectal Anastomotic Leaks: Middle-Income Country Perspective

Table 2

Univariate and multivariable analyses of the possible predictors of AL.

Variables	AL incidence	Crude RR (95% CI)		Adjusted RR (95% CI)
Gender
Male	14 (10.2)	2.27 (1.01–5.09)	0.049	1.72 (0.82–3.62)	0.148
Female	9 (4.5)
Surgery timing
Emergency	9 (15.8)	3.16 (1.44–6.94)	0.007	2.56 (1.15–5.71)	0.021
Elective	14 (5.0)
Procedure extension
Multivisceral resection	9 (8.0)	1.29 (0.58–2.89)	0.647	—	—
Standard LAR	14 (6.2)
Surgical approach
Open	18 (8.4)	2.07 (0.79–5.43)	0.178	—	—
Laparoscopic	5 (4.1)
Blood transfusion
Yes	13 (22.8)	6.38 (2.94–13.84)	<0.001	4.44 (1.85–10.63)	0.001
No	10 (3.6)
Protective stoma
Yes	11 (19.6)	4.59 (2.13–9.89)	<0.001	1.88 (0.74–4.80)	0.185
No	12 (4.3)
Cancer diagnosis
Yes	12 (12.2)	2.66 (1.22–5.83)	0.017	2.51 (1.27–4.98)	0.008
No	11 (4.6)

Incidence is presented as (%). value was calculated by Fisher’s exact test in the crude analysis with Poisson regression in the multivariable analysis. The multivariable Poisson regression included variables with in univariate analysis: gender, surgery timing, cancer, and need for blood transfusion. AL: anastomotic leak; CI: confidence interval; RR: relative risk.