Failure Factors to Reach the Blind End Using a Short-Type Single-Balloon Enteroscope for ERCP with Roux-en-Y Reconstruction: A Multicenter Retrospective Study

Table 2

Failure factors for reaching the blind end.

Background factors	Reached	Not reached	Rate of reaching the blind end	Univariate analysis; value	Multivariate analysis; value	Odds ratio (95% CI)
Age, (years)			—	0.089	0.734
Sex
Male	102	19	84%	0.085	0.57
Female	26	10	72%
Types of R-Y reconstruction
With gastrectomy	107	15	88%	0.001	0.001	5.73 (2.07-16.01)
Without gastrectomy	21	14	60%
Reason for surgery
Malignant disease	114	23	83%	0.134
Benign disease	14	6	70%
ERCP indication
Malignant disease	27	6	81%	0.592
Benign disease	101	23	81%
BMI
<18.5	49	7	88%	0.110
≥18.5	79	22	79%
ASA score
≤2	91	19	83%	0.351
≥3	37	10	79%
Peritoneal dissemination
Present	9	6	60%	0.035	0.021	4.71 (1.27-17.54)
Absent	119	23	84%
Postoperative ileus
Present	7	1	88%	0.546
Absent	121	28	81%
Splenectomy
Present	23	7	77%	0.299
Absent	105	22	83%
Number of abdominal operations
1 time	92	19	83%	0.320
≥2 times	36	10	78%
Surgical records
Available	85	13	87%	0.027	0.245
Not available	43	16	73%
Endoscopists
Trainer	55	15	79%	0.257
Trainee	73	14	84%
Passive bending section
Equipped	106	21	83%	0.153
Not equipped	22	8	73%

ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI: body mass index; CI: confidence interval; ERCP: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; SD: standard deviation.