Demographics and Clinical and Endoscopic Characteristics of Patients with Helicobacter pylori Infection and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Case-Control Study

Table 3

Predictors of Helicobacter pylori infection (multivariate logistic regression analysis).

Parameter	OR	95%CI OR
		Lower bound	Upper bound	value
Ethnicity (Arabs versus Jews)	1.105	0.765	1.595	0.596
BMI	1.002	0.988	1.017	0.747
Rural versus urban	1.144	0.883	1.481	0.308
Age	0.987	0.980	0.994	0.001
Gender	1.008	0.786	1.293	0.951
Smoking status	0.190	0.112	0.324	0.001
Alcohol consumption	0.773	0.425	1.406	0.398
Comorbidities	0.781	0.534	1.143	0.203
ASA/NSAID users	1.652	1.169	2.333	0.004
Statin users	0.499	0.295	0.846	0.010
PPI users	1.116	0.716	1.741	0.627
Constant	0.567			0.301

ASA: acetylsalicylic acid; BMI: body mass index; NSAIDs: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; PPIs: proton pump inhibitors.