Clinical Study
Lactate Level Predicts Mortality in Patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Table 2
Characteristics of patients according to survival.
| | Survival group () | Nonsurvival group () | value |
| | Age (year) | | | | | | | | 0.264 | | Sex, (%) | | Female | 34 (27.4) | 5 (33.3) | | | Male | 90 (72.6) | 10 (66.6) | 0.761 | | Symptoms, (%) | | | | | Melena | 50 (40.3) | 3 (20) | 0.126 | | Hematemesis | 36 (29) | 9 (60) | 0.021 | | Syncope | 14 (11.3) | 0 (0) | 0.363 | | Dizziness | 13 (10.5) | 1 (6.6) | 0.537 | | Hematochezia | 8 (6.5) | 1 (6.6) | 0.654 | | Abdominal pain | 1 (0.8) | 1 (6.6) | 0.205 | | Hypotension | 2 (1.6) | 0 (0) | 0.795 | | Comorbidity, (%) | | | | | Heart disease | 47 (37.9) | 3 (20) | 0.172 | | Hypertension | 33 (26.6) | 5 (33.3) | 0.554 | | Diabetes mellitus | 25 (20.2) | 3 (20) | 0.646 | | Renal failure | 17 (13.7) | 3 (20) | 0.454 | | Cancer | 12 (9.6) | 7 (46.6) | 0.001 | Liver disease
Any other major comorbidities | 8 (6.5)
12 (9.7) | 3 (20)
1 (6.6) | 0.099
0.168 | | No comorbidities | 34 (27.4) | 1 (6.6) | 0.115 | | Medications, (%) | | | | | Antiplatelet | 46 (37.1) | 3 (20) | 0.191 | | Anticoagulant | 22 (17.7) | 3 (20) | 0.734 | | NSAID | 20 (16.1) | 2 (13.3) | 0.565 | | No medications | 37 (29.8) | 7 (46.6) | 0.394 | | Endoscopic findings, (%) | | | | | Duodenal ulcer | 51 (41.1) | 5 (33.3) | 0.561 | | Gastric ulcer | 32 (25.8) | 2 (13.3) | 0.360 | | Esophageal variceal bleeding | 15 (12.1) | 0 (0) | 0.371 | | Esophageal ulcer/erosive esophagitis | 10 (8.1) | 3 (20) | 0.150 | | Erosive gastritis | 11 (8.9) | 1 (6.6) | 0.620 | | Esophageal cancer | 4 (3.2) | 4 (26.6) | 0.005 | | Gastric cancer | 1 (0.8) | 0 (0) | 0.892 | | Endoscopic hemostasis, (%) | | | | | Sclerotherapy+heater probe | 33 (26.6) | 4 (26.6) | 0.605 | | Sclerotherapy | 18 (14.5) | 0 (0) | 0.218 | | Band ligation | 8 (6.5) | 1 (6.6) | 0.654 | | Sclerotherapy+argon plasma coagulation | 7 (5.6) | 1 (6.6) | 0.609 | | Sclerotherapy+hemoclip | 7 (5.6) | 0 (0) | 0.441 | | Sclerotherapy+band ligation | 2 (1.6) | 1 (6.6) | 0.292 | | Argon plasma coagulation | 1 (0.8) | 2 (13.3) | 0.031 | | No endoscopic hemostasis | 48 (38.7) | 6 (40) | 0.923 | | Rebleeding, (%) | 22 (17.7) | 3 (20) | 0.734 | | Surgery need, (%) | 3 (2.4) | 1 (6.6) | 0.370 | | Hypotension (), (%) | 23 (18.5) | 7 (46.6) | 0.104 | | Tachycardia (), (%) | 53 (42.7) | 11 (73.3) | 0.445 | | Hemoglobin value (g/dL), | | | 0.961 | | Blood urea nitrogen value (mg/dL), | | | 0.006 | | Venous lactate value (mmol/L), | | | 0.044 | | Glasgow-Blatchford Score value, | | | 0.040 |
|
|
