Contrast-Enhanced CT May Be a Diagnostic Alternative for Gastroesophageal Varices in Cirrhosis with and without Previous Endoscopic Variceal Therapy
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of patients.
Variables
Primary prophylaxis population
Acute bleeding population
Previous bleeding population
Secondary prophylaxis population
No. pts
, median (range), or frequency (percentage)
No. pts
, median (range), or frequency (percentage)
No. pts
, median (range), or frequency (percentage)
No. pts
, median (range), or frequency (percentage)
Age (years)
70
57.61 (26.74-78.64)
38
52.72 (20.58-80.79)
67
50.56 (33.30-78.94)
104
58.31 (20.87-79.07)
Sex (male)
70
51 (72.9%)
38
32 (84.2%)
67
50 (74.6%)
104
77 (74.0%)
Etiology of liver diseases
HBV infection
70
28 (40.0%)
38
13 (34.2%)
67
23 (34.3%)
104
46 (44.2%)
HCV infection
70
4 (5.7%)
38
2 (5.3%)
67
9 (13.4%)
104
9 (8.7%)
Alcohol abuse
70
30 (42.9%)
38
17 (44.7%)
67
29 (43.3%)
104
37 (35.6%)
Drug related
70
8 (11.4%)
38
3 (7.9%)
67
8 (11.9%)
104
7 (6.7%)
Autoimmune related
70
3 (4.3%)
38
1 (2.6%)
67
3 (4.5%)
104
7 (6.7%)
Ascites
70
38
67
104
No
33 (47.1%)
14 (36.8%)
32 (47.8%)
42 (40.4%)
Mild
11 (15.7%)
14 (36.8%)
18 (26.9%)
40 (38.5%)
Moderate-severe
26 (37.1%)
10 (26.3%)
17 (25.4%)
22 (21.2%)
Interval between prior endoscopic treatment and present admission (years)
100a
0.61 (0.10-5.78)
Interval between CT and endoscopy (days)
70
4.00 (0.00-18.00)
38
2.00 (1.00-9.00)
67
3.00 (0.00-17.00)
104
2.00 (0.00-15.00)
RBC (1012/L)
70
3.88 (1.45-5.06)
38
2.58 (1.51-5.08)
67
3.22 (1.15-5.05)
104
4.05 (1.82-5.49)
Hb (g/L)
70
124.00 (55.00-159.00)
38
75.50 (37.00-156.00)
67
86.00 (28.00-154.00)
104
110.50 (33.00-161.00)
WBC (109/L)
70
4.00 (1.80-20.80)
38
4.25 (1.10-22.40)
67
3.20 (0.80-20.30)
104
3.40 (0.80-16.70)
PLT (109/L)
70
80.00 (22.00-423.00)
38
78.00 (26.00-162.00)
67
76.00 (23.00-316.00)
104
89.50 (23.00-448.00)
TBIL (μmol/L)
70
31.05 (6.60-216.50)
38
21.90 (5.20-119.30)
67
20.00 (5.50-215.30)
104
18.30 (5.90-92.60)
DBIL (μmol/L)
70
14.30 (2.00-149.90)
38
10.15 (2.00-81.80)
67
8.90 (2.30-179.30)
104
7.65 (2.10-48.90)
ALB (g/L)
69
30.30 (19.20-50.60)
38
30.10 (19.00-45.40)
67
33.60 (14.20-45.30)
103
35.90 (22.90-45.60)
ALT (U/L)
70
36.72 (7.53-429.98)
38
26.21 (9.59-152.11)
67
23.09 (4.47-99.13)
104
21.07 (9.62-86.13)
AST (U/L)
70
60.65 (13.94-394.45)
38
39.16 (10.99-202.40)
67
32.88 (13.83-151.35)
104
30.30 (16.26-70.37)
AKP (U/L)
70
113.19 (33.00-400.01)
38
84.54 (31.00-232.70)
67
86.27 (40.65-399.34)
104
97.65 (30.04-466.34)
GGT (U/L)
70
73.83 (10.93-1779.18)
38
49.57 (12.00-1227.00)
67
34.10 (8.23-392.55)
104
32.50 (10.50-1680-03)
BUN (mmol/L)
70
4.98 (0.64-344.00)
38
5.72 (1.86-47.25)
67
4.79 (1.57-9.38)
103
5.12 (2.28-17.82)
SCr (μmol/L)
70
64.65 (23.83-121.45)
38
72.62 (32.65-267.63)
67
59.04 (37.66-114.13)
103
62.97 (36.39-141.50)
PT (seconds)
68
15.40 (11.20-28.00)
38
15.95 (11.60-27.20)
67
16.40 (10.40-25.70)
102
15.20 (11.00-25.20)
APTT (seconds)
68
40.75 (28.00-64.80)
38
39.60 (30.80-51.00)
67
40.10 (26.70-52.80)
102
39.80 (28.10-60.50)
INR
68
1.25 (0.95-2.77)
38
1.31 (1.01-2.51)
67
1.33 (0.90-2.39)
102
1.22 (0.96-2.41)
Child-Pugh class
67b
38
67
102b
A
20 (29.9%)
11 (28.9%)
38 (56.7%)
54 (52.9%)
B
32 (47.8%)
21 (55.3%)
23 (34.3%)
47 (46.1%)
C
15 (22.4%)
6 (15.8%)
6 (9.0%)
1 (1.0%)
Child-Pugh score
67b
8.00 (5.00-13.00)
38
8.00 (5.00-12.00)
67
6.00 (5.00-12.00)
102b
6.00 (5.00-10.00)
MELD score
68c
7.49 (-3.03-27.42)
38
7.83 (-3.16-16.73)
67
6.35 (-2.73-24.73)
102c
5.30 (-1.75-19.12)
Spleen diameter (mm)
68d
126.10 (59.80-190.30)
37d
134.10 (66.60-189.70)
60d
143.55 (79.10-189.00)
81d
147.40 (80.40-248.00)
PSR
68d
592.19 (177.99-3361.20)
37d
567.40 (148.57-1654.75)
60d
458.57 (159.50-2703.67)
81d
481.48 (121.95-2835.82)
APRI score
70
1.87 (0.10-12.03)
38
1.74 (0.31-7.67)
67
1.33 (0.12-6.10)
104
0.90 (0.11-3.44)
AAR score
70
1.43 (0.49-5.06)
38
1.31 (0.47-3.94)
67
1.50 (0.44-5.41)
104
1.38 (0.58-3.28)
FIB-4 score
70
6.23 (0.71-22.42)
38
6.08 (0.96-20.33)
67
5.57 (0.82-21.83)
104
4.32 (0.72-17.58)
King score
68c
56.88 (2.02-495.85)
38
39.02 (7.26-219.22)
67
31.94 (2.99-217.93)
102c
24.46 (2.60-126.09)
Lok score
68c
0.89 (0.23-1.00)
38
0.92 (0.39-1.00)
67
0.93 (0.16-1.00)
102c
0.87 (0.13-1.00)
EVs
70
38
67
104
No
27 (38.6%)
3 (7.9%)
6 (9.0%)
10 (9.6%)
Yes
43 (61.4%)
35 (92.1%)
61 (91.0%)
94 (90.4%)
Unknown
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
EVNTs
70
38
67
104
No
41 (58.6%)
11 (28.9%)
17 (25.4%)
62 (59.6%)
Yes
26 (37.1%)
27 (71.1%)
49 (73.1%)
42 (40.4%)
Unknown
3 (4.3%)e
0 (0.0%)
1 (1.5%)e
0 (0.0%)
GVs
70
38
67
104
No
51 (72.9%)
19 (50.0%)
18 (26.9%)
68 (65.4%)
Yes
18 (25.7%)
19 (50.0%)
49 (73.1%)
36 (34.6%)
Unknown
1 (1.4%)e
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
GVNTs
70
38
67
104
No
60 (85.7%)
23 (60.5%)
31 (46.3%)
88 (84.6%)
Yes
8 (11.4%)
15 (39.5%)
36 (53.7%)
16 (15.4%)
Unknown
2 (2.9%)e
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
aThe specific date of previous endoscopic treatment could not be obtained in 4 patients. bChild-Pugh score could not be evaluated due to the absence of ALB or INR. cMELD, King, and Lok score could not be evaluated due to the absence of INR. dSpleen diameter and PSR were not available in patients with splenectomy. eEVNTs, GVs, and GVNTs could not be evaluated due to the absence of detailed endoscopic reports. SD: standard deviation; HBV: hepatitis B virus; HCV: hepatitis C virus; CT: computed tomography; RBC: red blood cell; Hb: hemoglobin; WBC: white blood cell; PLT: platelet; TBIL: total bilirubin; DBIL: direct bilirubin; ALB: albumin; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; AKP: alkaline phosphatase; GGT-γ: glutamyl transpeptidase; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; SCr: serum creatinine; PT: prothrombin time; APTT: activated partial thromboplastin time; INR: international normalized ratio; MELD: model for end-stage liver disease; PSR: PLT count to spleen diameter ratio; APRI: AST to PLT ratio index; AAR: AST to ALT ratio; FIB4: fibrosis 4 index; EVs: esophageal varices; EVNTs: esophageal varices needing treatment; GVs: gastric varices; GVNTs: gastric varices needing treatment.
