Probiotics for Alleviating Alcoholic Liver Injury

Figure 1

The effect of alcohol on the gut-liver axis. Alcohol significantly changes intestinal microbiota diversity, reduces intestinal epithelial tight junction protein expression, and increases intestinal mucosal permeability, leading to barrier dysfunction and endotoxin translocated into the blood, inducing inflammatory cytokine and ROS production in the intestine and liver, causing hepatic steatosis and inflammation. Alcohol disorders the gut microbiota and decreases AhR ligand and IL-22 production. Alcohol exposure increased intestinal miR122a expression, decreasing occludin expression.