Fasting Neurotensin Levels in Pediatric Celiac Disease Compared with a Control Cohort

Table 1

This table illustrates clinical presentation, endoscopic, and histological findings for each enrolled CD patient. In the column “No-biopsy approach,” CD patients diagnosed according to the 2012 ESPGHAN guidelines without biopsy are indicated.

CD patient	Gender (M/F)	Age (years)	Clinical presentation	Endoscopic findings	Histological findings	No-biopsy approach
CD patient 1	M	6.1	Constipation, recurrent abdominal pain, fatigue, impaired growth, anemia	No-biopsy protocol has been adopted	No-biopsy protocol has been adopted	X
CD patient 2	F	3.6	Constipation	Irregular surface of duodenal folds	MO grading 3b. H. pylori-negative chronic superficial gastritis, mild reflux esophagitis
CD patient 3	F	4.6	Recurrent abdominal pain, fatigue	Mild edema and hyperemia of the duodenal bulb and duodenum, reduced height and irregular surface of duodenal folds	MO grading 3b
CD patient 4	M	3.1	Constipation, oral aphthosis, recurrent abdominal pain, astenia	No-biopsy protocol has been adopted	No-biopsy protocol has been adopted	X
CD patient 5	F	10.9	Meteorism, abdominal pain, tooth enamel defects, first-degree relative of the CD patient	No-biopsy protocol has been adopted	No-biopsy protocol has been adopted	X
CD patient 6	F	6.3	Impaired growth	Mild hyperemia of the duodenal bulb	MO grading 3a. Mild reflux esophagitis
CD patient 7	M	2.2	Lack of appetite, fatigue, impaired growth	No-biopsy protocol has been adopted	No-biopsy protocol has been adopted	X
CD patient 8	F	7.7	No symptoms (screening)	Negative	MO grading 3b-3c
CD patient 9	F	7.5	Recurrent abdominal pain	Negative	MO grading 3b
CD patient 10	F	3.7	Lack of appetite, fatigue, impaired growth	Mild edema of the duodenal bulb	MO grading 3b-3c
CD patient 11	F	13	Constipation, lack of appetite, recurrent abdominal pain, fatigue, anemia, tooth enamel defects	No-biopsy protocol has been adopted	No-biopsy protocol has been adopted	X
CD patient 12	F	6.5	No symptoms (screening)	Mild edema and hyperemia of the duodenal bulb, reduced height, and irregular surface of duodenal folds	MO grading 3b-3c
CD patient 13	M	10.7	Dental enamel hypoplasia	Mild edema and hyperemia of the duodenal bulb, irregular surface of duodenal folds	MO grading 3c
CD patient 14	F	6.6	Constipation, recurrent abdominal pain	Mild edema and hyperemia of duodenum, reduced height, and irregular surface of duodenal folds	MO grading 3c

According to the 2012 ESPGHAN guidelines: symptoms suggestive of CD, serum times the ULN, positive EMA-IgA, positive CD HLA risk alleles DQ2 and/or DQ8.