Risk Factors of Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients with Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (PNETs)

Table 4

Results of univariate and multivariable analysis for disease-specific survival in the entire study cohort.

	Univariate		Multivariable
	HR; (95% CI)	value	Adjusted HR; (95% CI)	value
Age		0.046		0.012
<40	Reference		Reference
40-59	1.31 (0.85-2.03)	0.226	1.27 (0.81-1.99)	0.303
60-79	1.54 (0.99-2.38)	0.056	1.76 (1.12-2.75)	0.013
≥80	2.38 (1.16-4.85)	0.018	2.16 (1.04-4.48)	0.038
Sex		0.014		0.009
Male	Reference		Reference
Female	0.74 (0.58-0.94)	0.014	0.69 (0.54-0.89)	0.004
Race		0.584
White	Reference
Black	0.99 (0.68-1.44)	0.962
Hispanic	0.81 (0.54-1.21)	0.306
Asian	0.70 (0.43-1.15)	0.162
Other	0.84 (0.27-2.61)	0.757
Marital status		0.016		0.040
Unmarried	Reference		Reference
Married	0.81 (0.63-1.04)	0.010	0.72 (0.55-0.94)	0.016
Unknown	0.63 (0.33-1.20)	0.016	0.62 (0.32-1.21)	0.163
Insurance status		<0.001		0.007
Uninsured	Reference		Reference
Insured	0.54 (0.28-1.06)	0.075	0.52 (0.26-1.04)	0.065
Unknown	1.08 (0.54-2.16)	0.836	0.80 (0.39-1.63)	0.533
Tumor location		0.011		0.064
Head	Reference		Reference
Body and tail	0.69 (0.50-0.84)	0.001	0.71 (0.54-0.93)	0.012
Overlapping	0.98 (0.59-1.61)	0.925	0.81 (0.49-1.36)	0.429
Other	0.79 (0.53-1.18)	0.254	1.01 (0.67-1.53)	0.951
Tumor size		<0.001		0.014
<2 cm	Reference		Reference
2 cm-4 cm	3.05 (1.90-4.90)	<0.001	1.90 (1.17-3.11)	0.010
>4 cm	5.02 (3.18-7.91)	<0.001	2.23 (1.37-3.62)	0.001
Unknown		0.948		0.940
M stage		<0.001		<0.001
M0	Reference		Reference
M1	4.89 (3.85-6.21)	<0.001	3.21 (2.47-4.16)	<0.001
Mx	1.44 (0.36-5.81)	0.611	1.21 (0.30-4.95)	0.792
Histology grade		<0.001		<0.001
Well differentiated	Reference		Reference
Moderately differentiated	1.73 (1.20-2.50)	0.064	1.32 (0.91-1.92)	0.144
Poorly differentiated	8.45 (6.11-11.68)	<0.001	4.64 (3.31-6.49)	<0.001
Undifferentiated	10.61 (5.81-19.39)	<0.001	7.65 (4.10-14.27)	<0.001
Unknown	2.15 (1.56-2.95)	<0.001	1.69 (1.21-2.36)	0.002
Lymph node metastasis		<0.001		<0.001
No metastasis	Reference		Reference
Metastasis	3.63 (2.80-4.72)	<0.001	1.87 (1.41-2.48)	<0.001