Diagnosis of Biliary Strictures Using Probe-Based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy under the Direct View of Peroral Cholangioscopy: Results of a Prospective Study (with Video)

Table 1

Patient characteristics.

Patient characteristics
Patients,	30
Age, median (IQR) (years)	71 (66-74)
Sex (male/female),	26/4
Preexisting condition, (%)
Cancer history	3 (10)
Cirrhosis	1 (3.3)
Congestive heart failure	3 (10)
Hypertension	9 (30)
Diabetes	5 (16.7)
Prior ERCP procedures	7 (23.3)
Prior biliary stent placement	3 (10)
Prior biliary sphincterotomy	2 (6.7)
Stricture location, (%)
Common bile duct	15 (50)
Hilar bile duct	13 (43.3)
Left main duct	2 (6.7)
Final diagnosis, (%)
Malignancy	17 (56.7)
Cholangiocarcinoma	16 (53.3)
Pancreatic cancer	1 (3.3)
Benign	13 (43.3)
Autoimmune pancreatitis	4 (13.3)
IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis	2 (6.7)
Stenosis after cholecystectomy	2 (6.7)
Chronic cholangitis	3 (10)
Adenomyosis	1 (3.3)
Peribiliary cyst	2 (6.7)

IQR: interquartile range; ERCP: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.