Diagnosis of Biliary Strictures Using Probe-Based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy under the Direct View of Peroral Cholangioscopy: Results of a Prospective Study (with Video)

Table 2

Summary of primary outcomes.

Diagnosis modality ()	Sensitivity; (%); 95% CI	Specificity; (%); 95% CI	NPV; (%); 95% CI	PPV; (%); 95% CI	Accuracy; (%); 95% CI
(1) ERCP alone	15/17 (88.2); 65.7-97.9	6/13 (46.2); 23.3-70.9	6/8 (75); 40.9-95.6	15/22 (68.2); 47.3-83.6	21/30 (70); 52.1-83.3
(2) POCS	17/17 (100); 81.6-100	10/13 (76.9); 49.7-91.8	10/10 (100); 72.2-100	17/20 (85); 64.0-94.8	27/30 (90); 74.4-96.5
(3) pCLE under the direct view of POCS	16/17 (94.1); 73.0-99.7	12/13 (92.3); 66.7-99.6	12/13 (92.3); 66.7-99.6	16/17 (94.1); 73.0-99.7	28/30 (93.3); 78.7-98.8
(4) Tissue sampling under the direct view of POCS	14/17 (82.4); 59.0-93.8	13/13 (100); 77.2-100	13/16 (81.3); 57.0-93.4	14/14 (100); 78.5-100	27/30 (90); 74.4-96.5
(2) vs. (3), value	0.50	0.59			>0.99
(3) vs. (4), value	0.60	>0.99			>0.99

CI: confidence interval; NPV: negative predictive value; PPV: positive predictive value; ERCP: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; pCLE: probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy; POCS: peroral cholangioscopy.