Hemodialysis Increases the Risk of Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Angiodysplasia Bleeding: A Nationwide Population Study

Table 1

Demographic characteristics and comorbidities of CKD-HD, CKD dialysis-free, and control groups.

Variables	Dialysis CKD group		Dialysis-free CKD group		Control		value
		%		%		%
Age ()							0.61
20-44	57	9.9%	93	8.1%	114	9.9%	0.80
45-64	277	48.3%	559	48.7%	554	48.3%
65-74	146	25.4%	308	26.8%	284	24.7%
75-84	78	13.6%	163	14.2%	165	14.4%
≥85	16	2.8%	25	2.2%	31	2.7%
Gender
Male	318	55.4%	653	56.9%	636	55.4%	0.74
Female	256	44.6%	495	43.1%	512	44.6%
Comorbidities
Alcoholic liver disease and alcoholism	4	0.7%	6	0.5%	11	1.0%	0.47
Cirrhosis	0	0.0%	0	0.00%	0	0.00%	—
Stroke	57	9.9%	109	9.5%	87	7.6%	0.15
Diabetes mellitus	363	63.2%	739	64.3%	714	62.2%	0.56
Hypertension	363	63.2%	718	62.5%	812	70.7%	<0.001
Ischemic heart disease	130	22.7%	263	22.9%	276	24.0%	0.75
Congestive heart failure	26	4.5%	55	4.8%	56	4.9%	0.95
Chronic lung disease	91	15.9%	185	16.1%	215	18.7%	0.17
Charlson score
0	140	24.4%	281	24.5%	284	24.7%	<0.001
1	152	26.5%	404	35.2%	451	39.3%
2	119	20.7%	218	19.0%	232	20.2%
≥3	163	28.4%	245	21.3%	181	15.8%
Charlson score ()							<0.001
Medication
Aspirin	189	32.9%	389	33.9%	394	34.3%	0.85
Steroids	70	12.2%	143	12.5%	165	14.4%	0.30
Warfarin	7	1.2%	18	1.6%	14	1.2%	0.73
Clopidogrel	11	1.9%	17	1.5%	16	1.4%	0.70
Ticlopidine	7	1.2%	12	1.1%	8	0.7%	0.51

Match (1 : 2 ratio) with age, sex, comorbidities, and enrollment time. CKD: chronic kidney disease; SD: standard deviation.