| | Characteristic | Training group () | Validation group () | | Nonmetastasis () | Metastasis () | | Nonmetastasis () | Metastasis () | |
| | Gender | | | <0.001 | | | <0.001 | | Female | 1,965 (49.01%) | 342 (41.30%) | | 979 (49.05%) | 166 (39.24%) | | | Male | 2,044 (50.99%) | 486 (58.70%) | | 1,017 (50.95%) | 257 (60.76%) | | | Age (years) | | | 0.322 | | | 0.919 | | ≤40 | 227 (5.66%) | 57 (6.88%) | | 125 (6.26%) | 27 (6.38%) | | | 41-55 | 870 (21.70%) | 196 (23.67%) | | 431 (21.59%) | 89 (21.04%) | | | 56-70 | 1,584 (39.51%) | 292 (35.27%) | | 754 (37.78%) | 165 (39.01%) | | | >70 | 1,328 (33.13%) | 283 (34.18%) | | 686 (34.37%) | 142 (33.57%) | | | Race | | | 0.057 | | | 0.475 | | White | 2,701 (67.37%) | 586 (70.77%) | | 1,373 (68.79%) | 290 (68.56%) | | | Black | 751 (18.73%) | 141 (17.03%) | | 345 (17.28%) | 85 (20.09%) | | | Others | 526 (13.12%) | 97 (11.71%) | | 264 (13.23%) | 47 (11.11%) | | | NOS | 31 (0.77%) | 4 (0.48%) | | 14 (0.70%) | 1 (0.24%) | | | Insurance | | | <0.001 | | | 0.312 | | Yes | 3,107 (77.50%) | 586 (70.77%) | | 1,533 (76.80%) | 313 (74.00%) | | | No | 116 (2.89%) | 33 (3.99%) | | 56 (2.81%) | 17 (4.02%) | | | NOS | 786 (19.61%) | 209 (25.24%) | | 407 (20.39%) | 93 (21.99%) | | | Marital status | | | 0.917 | | | 0.922 | | Married | 2,306 (57.52%) | 465 (56.16%) | | 1,148 (57.52%) | 242 (57.21%) | | | Unmarried | 1,484 (37.02%) | 331 (39.98%) | | 749 (37.53%) | 160 (37.83%) | | | NOS | 219 (5.46%) | 32 (3.86%) | | 99 (4.96%) | 21 (4.96%) | | | Tumor location | | | 0.009 | | | 0.032 | | Large intestine | 216 (5.39%) | 35 (4.23%) | | 94 (4.71%) | 11 (2.60%) | | | Peritoneum | 78 (1.95%) | 34 (4.11%) | | 47 (2.35%) | 18 (4.26%) | | | Stomach | 2,599 (64.83%) | 468 (56.52%) | | 1,306 (65.43%) | 253 (59.81%) | | | Small intestine | 1,093 (27.26%) | 289 (34.90%) | | 535 (26.80%) | 139 (32.86%) | | | Esophagus | 23 (0.57%) | 2 (0.24%) | | 14 (0.70%) | 2 (0.47%) | | | Pathologic grade | | | <0.001 | | | <0.001 | | I | 641 (15.99%) | 35 (4.23%) | | 307 (15.38%) | 13 (3.07%) | | | II | 451 (11.25%) | 43 (5.19%) | | 214 (10.72%) | 25 (5.91%) | | | III | 147 (3.67%) | 56 (6.76%) | | 76 (3.81%) | 19 (4.49%) | | | IV | 195 (4.86%) | 78 (9.42%) | | 87 (4.36%) | 45 (10.64%) | | | NOS | 2,575 (64.23%) | 616 (74.40%) | | 1,312 (65.73%) | 321 (75.89%) | | | Tumor size (cm) | | | <0.001 | | | <0.001 | | ≤2 | 495 (12.35%) | 16 (1.93%) | | 221 (11.07%) | 9 (2.13%) | | | 2-5 | 1,230 (30.68%) | 109 (13.16%) | | 644 (32.26%) | 48 (11.35%) | | | 5-10 | 1,241 (30.96%) | 223 (26.93%) | | 629 (31.51%) | 108 (25.53%) | | | >10 | 833 (20.78%) | 307 (37.08%) | | 389 (19.49%) | 154 (36.41%) | | | NOS | 210 (5.24%) | 173 (20.89%) | | 113 (5.66%) | 104 (24.59%) | | | Lymph nodes | | | <0.001 | | | <0.001 | | Negative | 3,783 (94.36%) | 548 (66.18%) | | 1,884 (94.39%) | 306 (72.34%) | | | Positive | 94 (2.34%) | 123 (14.86%) | | 62 (3.11%) | 49 (11.58%) | | | NOS | 132 (3.29%) | 157 (18.96%) | | 50 (2.51%) | 68 (16.08%) | | | Extension | | | <0.001 | | | <0.001 | | Mild | 3,051 (76.10%) | 280 (33.82%) | | 1,565 (78.41%) | 145 (34.28%) | | | Grievous | 726 (18.11%) | 346 (41.79%) | | 347 (17.38%) | 156 (36.88%) | | | NOS | 232 (5.79%) | 202 (24.40%) | | 84 (4.21%) | 122 (28.84%) | | | Mitotic count | | | <0.001 | | | <0.001 | | ≤5/50 HPF | 1,513 (37.74%) | 130 (15.70%) | | 750 (37.58%) | 69 (16.31%) | | | >5/50 HPF | 1,615 (40.28%) | 432 (52.17%) | | 788 (39.48%) | 202 (47.75%) | | | NOS | 881 (21.98%) | 266 (32.13%) | | 458 (22.95%) | 152 (35.93%) | |
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