Patients with Multiple Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (FGIDs) Show Increased Illness Severity: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Tertiary Care FGID Specialty Clinic

Table 2

Sociodemographic, physical, and psychosocial features of FGID patients.

	Effective	FGID patients in total () [20]	Patients with 1 FGID diagnosis ()	Patients with >1 FGID diagnoses ()	value
Sociodemographic characteristics
Age—years^2	271	38.00 [23.00]	39.00 [24.00]	35.50 [24.00]	0.548^c
Gender—female, (%)	271	195 (72.00)	96 (68.09)	99 (76.15)	0.140^b
Nationality—German, (%)	265	249 (94.00)	130 (95.59)	119 (92.25)	0.254^b
Marital status—with a partner, (%)	271	152 (56.10)	81 (57.45)	71 (54.62)	0.639^b
Educational level—ISCED ≤2, (%)	271	126 (46.50)	65 (46.10)	61 (46.92)	0.892^b
Paid employment, (%)	271	144 (53.10)	77 (54.61)	67 (51.54)	0.613^b
Old-age pension, (%)	271	32 (11.81)	15 (10.64)	17 (13.08)	0.534^b
Disability pension, (%)	271	8 (3.00)	3 (2.13)	5 (3.85)	0.486^b
Gastrointestinal symptoms
Symptom duration—months^2	255	48.00 [101.00]	48.00 [76.00]	48.00 [101.00]	0.548^c
Symptom severity (IBS-SSS)^2	267	290.00 [169.00]	232.00 [162.50]	339.00 [126.00]	<0.001^c
Stool consistency
Loose (BSFS 1, 2), (%)	266	190 (71.43)	100 (72.46)	90 (70.31)	0.698
Normal (BSFS 3, 4), (%)	266	126 (47.37)	64 (46.38)	62 (48.44)	0.737
Hard (BSFS 5, 6, 7), (%)	266	86 (32.33)	45 (32.61)	41 (32.03)	0.920
Any mental disorder, (%)	250	188 (75.20)	92 (71.88)	96 (78.69)	0.212^b
Somatization (PHQ-15)
Any somatoform syndrome, (%)	255	166 (65.10)	79 (60.77)	87 (69.60)	0.139^b
PHQ-15 (range 0-30)^2	250	13.00 [7.00]	12.00 [6.41]	14.00 [5.98]	0.008^c
PHQ-12 (range 0-24)^2	250	8.00 [5.71]	7.00 [5.00]	8.00 [5.00]	0.028^c
SSS-8 (range 0-32)^2	261	13.00 [9.07]	11.43 [9.00]	14.00 [10.00]	0.001^c
Depression (PHQ-9)
Any depressive syndrome, (%)	262	108 (41.22)	56 (41.48)	52 (40.94)	0.930^b
Major depressive syndrome, (%)	263	66 (25.10)	36 (26.67)	30 (23.43)	0.546^b
Other depressive syndrome, (%)	263	42 (15.97)	20 (14.81)	22 (17.19)	0.600^b
PHQ-9 (range 0-27)^2	269	9.00 [7.37]	8.00 [8.00]	9.00 [7.50]	0.189^c
Anxiety (GAD-7; PHQ panic module)
Any anxiety syndrome, (%)	258	48 (18.60)	24 (18.18)	24 (19.05)	0.858^b
Other anxiety syndrome, (%)	259	30 (11.58)	15 (11.36)	15 (11.81)	0.910^b
Panic syndrome, (%)	263	27 (10.27)	15 (11.11)	12 (9.38)	0.643^b
GAD-7 (range 0-21)^2	267	7.00 [8.00]	7.00 [8.50]	7.00 [8.00]	0.725^c
Other psychosocial features
Illness anxiety (WI-7; range 0-28)^2	264	11.00 [10.00]	10.00 [10.00]	13.00 [10.25]	0.022^c
Any eating disorder, (%)	261	27 (10.00)	16 (11.35)	11 (8.46)	0.428^b
Abuse (Rome III), (%)	253	48 (18.97)	19 (14.50)	29 (23.77)	0.060^b
Suicidality (Rome III), (%)	259	52 (20.07)	25 (18.80)	27 (21.43)	0.597^b
Quality of life
FDD-QoL^1	258	48.32 (15.27)	51.45 (15.20)	45.09 (14.72)	0.001^a
Activities^2	270	53.34 [40.63]	59.38 [41.29]	45.31 [39.17]	<0.001^c
Anxiety^2	266	55.00 [38.13]	55.00 [41.25]	50.00 [40.00]	0.403^c
Diet^2	265	37.50 [37.50]	41.67 [44.17]	33.33 [37.50]	0.003^c
Sleep^2	265	75.00 [41.67]	75.00 [33.33]	66.67 [33.33]	0.019^c
Discomfort^2	264	38.89 [25.00]	43.75 [27.78]	36.11 [23.61]	0.002^c
Health perception^2	262	37.50 [29.17]	40.00 [33.33]	33.33 [22.92]	0.021^c
Disease coping^2	261	41.67 [33.33]	41.67 [33.33]	33.33 [29.17]	0.173^c
Stress^2	262	41.67 [41.67]	50.00 [41.67]	41.67 [41.67]	0.553^c
SF-36
Physical QoL^1	250	40.44 (9.83)	42.99 (9.77)	37.64 (9.15)	<0.001^a
Mental QoL^2	250	39.29 [21.02]	39.89 [22.06]	38.54 [19.89]	0.781^c

¹Mean (standard deviation). ²Median [interquartile range]. ^a-test. ^b test. ^cMann–Whitney test. Most of the data of the column with FGID patients in total were shown similarly in Berens et al. [20]. All patients with >1 FGID diagnoses had two FGIDs.