Nomograms Predicting the Occurrence of Sepsis in Patients following Major Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery

Table 3

Clinical characteristics and inflammation biomarkers of patients in the validation cohort. Data are shown as the or median (P25 and P75).

Variable	Validation cohort
	Sepsis (-),	Sepsis (+),
Age			0.04
Sex
Male	83	14	0.81
Female	34	5
Perioperative blood transfusion
Yes	33	12	≤0.001
No	84	7
ASA scores
1	4	0	0.04
2	95	12
3	17	5
4	1	1
5	0	1
Diabetes
Yes	15	5	0.16
No	102	14
BMI			0.56
Operative time	265 (190-345)	395 (330-485)	≤0.001
Intraoperative blood loss	300 (150-500)	300 (300-500)	0.10
Preoperative ALT	39.5 (19.6-116.6)	57 (26.9-117.5)	0.52
Preoperative AST	35 (20-79.1)	47.6 (17.9-104.85)	0.77
Preoperative direct bilirubin	4.6 (3.2-14.9)	14.8 (5.05-144.75)	0.03
Inflammation biomarkers
IL-1 (pg/ml)	5 (5-5)	5 (5-5)	0.31
IL-2 (U/ml)	805 (591-1053)	1226 (978-1963)	≤0.001
IL-6 (pg/ml)	64.6 (37.5-154)	151 (97.75-350.5)	0.01
IL-8 (pg/ml)	96 (36.9-187)	112 (81.95-231.5)	0.27
IL-10 (pg/ml)	5 (5-5)	6.57 (5-11.5)	0.25
TNF-α (pg/ml)	14 (10.2-25.8)	22.2 (17.8-35.25)	0.02
PCT (ng/ml)	0.544 (0.26-0.911)	1.23 (0.89-2.43)	≤0.001
CRP (mg/dl)	3.28 (1.75-5.18)	5.93 (3.88-13.1)	≤0.001
NLR	10.96 (7.87-16.96)	9.51 (4.72-12.49)	0.18

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