Predicting Individual Survival after Curative Esophagectomy for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Esophageal

Table 2

Univariable and multivariable Cox analysis of prognostic factors for overall survival in 503 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

	Univariable analysis		Multivariable analysis
	HR (95% CI)	value	HR (95% CI)	value
Age, year	1.01 (0.99-1.03)	0.11
Sex
Male	Ref
Female	0.74 (0.54-1.02)	0.07
BMI, kg/m^2	0.97 (0.93-1.01)	0.12
Tobacco use
No	Ref
Yes	1.11 (0.86-1.42)	0.42
Alcohol use
No	Ref
Yes	1.14 (0.87-1.49)	0.35
Comorbidities history of hypertension
No	Ref
Yes	1.10 (0.85-1.41)	0.48
History of diabetes
No	Ref
Yes	1.18 (0.90-1.56)	0.23
History of COPD
No	Ref		Ref
Yes	1.50 (1.08-2.10)	0.02	1.79 (1.27-2.53)	<0.001
History of hepatitis
No	Ref
Yes	1.03 (0.74-1.44)	0.84
History of cardiovascular disease
No	Ref
Yes	0.92 (0.66-1.29)	0.62
Preoperative albumin, g/L	0.96 (0.93-0.99)	0.03
Preoperative platelet,	1 (0.998-1.002)	0.63
Preoperative WBC, 10^9	1.06 (1.004-1.129)	0.04
Preoperative NLR	1.06 (1.006-1.117)	0.03
Length of tumor, cm	1.18 (1.11-1.25)	<0.001
Location of tumor
Upper	Ref
Middle	0.86 (0.62-1.19)	0.35
Lower	0.91 (0.62-1.33)	0.62
Differentiation of tumor
Well	Ref
Moderate	1.69 (1.09-2.62)	0.02
Poor	2.19 (1.37-3.49)	<0.001
Pathological T stage
T1	Ref		Ref
T2	2.51 (1.43-4.41)	0.001	1.82 (1.02-3.22)	0.004
T3	4.76 (2.80-8.10)	<0.001	3.01 (1.74-5.20)	<0.001
T4	6.33 (3.44-11.67)	<0.001	3.17 (1.66-6.07)	<0.001
Pathological N factor
N0	Ref		Ref
N1	2.24 (1.67-3.00)	<0.001	1.80 (1.30-2.49)	<0.001
N2	3.78 (2.34-6.10)	<0.001	2.26 (1.27-4.00)	0.005
N3	5.73 (4.10-8.01)	<0.001	3.63 (2.32-5.68)	<0.001
Pathological stage
I	Ref
II	2.43 (1.41-4.18)	0.001
III	6.82 (3.95-11.77)	<0.001
IV	6.61 (3.71-11.76)	<0.001
Number of dissected LNs	1.01 (0.99-1.02)	0.37
Number of positive LNs	1.13 (1.10-1.17)	<0.001
Rate of positive LNs
Postoperative complications	10.06 (6.34-15.97)	<0.001	2.01 (0.91-4.43)	0.008
Postoperative pulmonary complications	1.20 (0.92-1.55)	0.18
Postoperative anastomotic leakage	1.59 (0.97-2.60)	0.07
Postoperative cardiovascular disease	1.10 (0.82-1.46)	0.54
Sepsis	1.82 (1.18-2.82)	0.007	2.04 (1.31-3.18)	0.002

BMI: body mass index; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NLR: neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio.