Risk Factors of Early Liver Metastasis for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma after Radical Resection

Table 1

Clinicopathological and treatment characteristics of the 172 patients.

Variable	Total
Age (years, %)
≥60	132 (76.7)
<60	40 (23.3)
Sex (%)
Male	100 (58.1)
Female	72 (41.9)
BMI (kg/m^2, %)
≥24	55 (32.0)
<24	117 (68.0)
Tumor size (cm, %)
>4	75 (43.6)
≤4	97 (56.4)
Tumor location (%)
Head/neck	109 (63.4)
Body/tail	63 (36.6)
Lymph node metastasis (%)
Yes	71 (41.3)
No	101 (58.7)
Lymph node ratio (%)
≥0.2	32 (18.6)
<0.2	140 (81.4)
Capsule invasion (%)
Present	58 (33.7)
Absent	114 (66.3)
Tumor differentiation (%)
Poor	80 (46.5)
Well-moderate	92 (53.5)
Microvascular invasion (%)
Present	87 (50.6)
Absent	85 (49.4)
Perineural invasion (%)
Present	146 (84.9)
Absent	26 (15.1)
Frozen resection margin (%)
Positive	20 (11.6)
Negative	152 (88.4)
PV/SMV resection and reconstruction (%)
Yes	56 (32.6)
No	116 (67.4)
CA/CHA resection and reconstruction (%)
Yes	4 (2.3)
No	168 (97.7)
Morbidity (%)
Clavien–Dindo grades 0-II	165 (95.9)
Clavien–Dindo grades III-IV	7 (4.1)
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (%)
Yes	20 (11.6)
No	152 (88.4)
Adjuvant chemotherapy (%)
Yes	113 (65.7)
No	59 (34.3)
TNM stage (%)
I-IIA	101 (58.7)
IIB-IV	71 (41.3)

Data are presented as numbers (percentages). BMI: body mass index; PV/SMV: portal vein/superior mesenteric vein; CA/CHA: celiac axis/common hepatic artery.