Research Article
Risk Factors of Early Liver Metastasis for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma after Radical Resection
Table 5
Analysis of risk factors by comparison with liver metastasis after 6months.
| | Variable | Liver metastasis | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | | Early () | >6 mo () | OR (95% CI) | | OR (95% CI) | |
| | Age (years, %) | | | | | | | | ≥60 | 41 (74.5) | 24 (85.7) | 0.488 (0.144-1.653) | 0.249 | | | | <60 | 14 (25.5) | 4 (14.3) | | Sex (%) | | | | | | | | Male | 37 (67.3) | 11 (39.3) | 3.177 (1.235-8.171) | 0.016 | 2.755 (0.999-7.593) | 0.050 | | Female | 18 (32.7) | 17 (60.7) | | BMI (kg/m2, %) | | | | | | | | ≥24 | 15 (27.3) | 10 (35.7) | 0.675 (0.255-1.789) | 0.429 | | | | <24 | 40 (72.7) | 18 (64.3) | | ALB (g/L, %) | | | | | | | | ≥40 | 23 (41.8) | 15 (53.6) | 0.623 (0.249-1.557) | 0.311 | | | | <40 | 32 (58.2) | 13 (46.4) | | ALT (U/L, %) | | | | | | | | ≥40 | 25 (45.5) | 11 (39.3) | 1.288 (0.510-3.250) | 1.288 | | | | <40 | 30 (54.5) | 17 (60.7) | | CA199 (IU/ml, %) | | | | | | | | ≥400 | 17 (30.9) | 6 (21.4) | 1.640 (0.563-4.776) | 0.364 | | | | <400 | 38 (69.1) | 22 (78.6) | | CA125 (IU/ml, %) | | | | | | | | ≥30 | 17 (30.9) | 2 (7.1) | 5.816 (1.237-27.339) | 0.026 | 5.872 (1.187-29.046) | 0.030 | | <30 | 38 (69.1) | 26 (92.9) | | CEA (ug/L, %) | | | | | | | | ≥5 | 8 (14.5) | 2 (7.1) | 2.213 (0.437-11.202) | 0.337 | | | | <5 | 47 (85.5) | 26 (92.9) | | Tumor size (cm, %) | | | | | | | | >4 | 30 (54.5) | 16 (57.1) | 0.900 (0.360-2.253) | 0.822 | | | | ≤4 | 25 (45.5) | 12 (42.9) | | Tumor location (%) | | | | | | | | Head/neck | 39 (70.9) | 20 (71.4) | 0.975 (0.357-2.665) | 0.961 | | | | Body/tail | 16 (29.1) | 8 (28.6) | | Lymph node metastasis (%) | | | | | | | | Yes | 26 (47.3) | 10 (35.7) | 1.614 (0.632-4.118) | 0.317 | | | | No | 29 (52.7) | 18 (64.3) | | Lymph node ratio (%) | | | | | | | | ≥0.2 | 15 (27.3) | 4 (14.3) | 2.250 (0.669-7.572) | 0.190 | | | | <0.2 | 40 (72.7) | 24 (85.7) | | Capsule invasion (%) | | | | | | | | Present | 19 (34.5) | 12 (42.9) | 0.704 (0.277-1.788) | 0.460 | | | | Absent | 36 (65.5) | 16 (57.1) | | Tumor differentiation (%) | | | | | | | | Poor | 35 (63.6) | 11 (39.3) | 2.705 (1.060-6.899) | 0.037 | 2.123 (0.771-5.841) | 0.145 | | Well-moderate | 20 (36.4) | 17 (60.7) | | Microvascular invasion (%) | | | | | | | | Present | 33 (60.0) | 14 (50.0) | 1.500 (0.600-3.750) | 0.386 | | | | Absent | 22 (40.0) | 14 (50.0) | | Perineural invasion (%) | | | | | | | | Present | 47 (85.5) | 25 (89.3) | 0.705 (0.172-2.896) | 0.628 | | | | Absent | 8 (14.5) | 3 (10.7) | | Frozen resection margin (%) | | | | | | | | Positive | 4 (7.3) | 6 (21.4) | 0.288 (0.074-1.121) | 0.073 | | | | Negative | 51 (92.7) | 22 (78.6) | | PV/SMV reconstruction (%) | | | | | | | | Yes | 25 (45.5) | 8 (28.6) | 2.083 (0.784-5.533) | 0.141 | | | | No | 30 (54.5) | 20 (71.4) | | CA/CHA reconstruction (%) | | | | | | | | Yes | 2 (3.6) | 1 (3.6) | 1.019 (0.088-11.746) | 0.988 | | | | No | 53 (96.4) | 27 (96.4) | | Morbidity (%) | | | | | | | | 0-II | 52 (94.5) | 27 (96.4) | 1.558 (0.155-15.700) | 0.707 | | | | III-IV | 3 (5.5) | 1 (3.6) | | Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (%) | | | | | | | | Yes | 6 (10.9) | 3 (10.7) | 1.020 (0.235-4.426) | 0.978 | | | | No | 49 (89.1) | 25 (89.3) | | Adjuvant chemotherapy (%) | | | | | | | | Yes | 32 (58.2) | 20 (71.4) | 0.557 (0.209-1.482) | 0.241 | | | | No | 23 (41.8) | 8 (28.6) | | TNM stage (%) | | | | | | | | I-IIA | 29 (52.7) | 18 (64.3) | 0.620 (0.243-1.581) | 0.317 | | | | IIB-IV | 26 (47.3) | 10 (35.7) |
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Data are presented as numbers (percentages). For abbreviations, see Tables 1 and 3. |
