Research Article
Risk of Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease: The Link between Gut, Heart, and Kidneys
Table 1
Comparison of baseline characteristics between patients with and without GIB.
| | No. of GIB | GIB | -Value |
| | Total | 1,625,122 | 82,330 | | | Age (years) | | | <0.01 | | ≤50 | 21.926 | 11.404 | <0.01 | | 51–60 | 21.114 | 17.868 | <0.01 | | 61–70 | 25.831 | 28.872 | <0.01 | | 71–80 | 19.884 | 26.338 | <0.01 | | >80 | 11.245 | 15.518 | <0.01 | | Female | 46.534 | 45.097 | <0.01 | | Male | 53.455 | 54.889 | <0.01 | | Caucasian | 41.003 | 41.963 | <0.01 | | African American | 32.583 | 33.34 | <0.01 | | Hispanic | 15.667 | 13.672 | <0.01 | | Asian or Pacific Islander | 3.6902 | 4.5573 | <0.01 | | Native American | 1.1162 | 0.9571 | <0.01 | | Other race | 2.9391 | 2.7766 | <0.01 | | Prior MI | 5.6844 | 7.5562 | <0.01 | | CHF | 42.847 | 43.315 | <0.01 | | PVD | 15.004 | 16.014 | <0.01 | | CVA | 8.0672 | 8.2218 | <0.01 | | DVT | 3.1 | 3.6 | <0.01 | | PE | 2.8 | 2.6 | <0.01 | | VWD | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.5 | | Dementia | 5.8537 | 7.193 | <0.01 | | CTD | 4.1594 | 3.8771 | <0.01 | | COPD | 18.216 | 20.078 | <0.01 | | PUD | 0.5422 | 13.013 | <0.01 | | Liver disease | 9.7438 | 18.712 | <0.01 | | Liver mild | 8.9329 | 16.646 | <0.01 | | Liver severe | 2.7968 | 9.8895 | <0.01 | | DM | 61.064 | 56.746 | <0.01 | | DM uncomplicated | 17.156 | 17.48 | 0.02 | | DM complicated | 45.335 | 40.406 | <0.01 | | Hemiplegia | 1.8601 | 1.9337 | 0.15 | | Malignancy | 5.5706 | 7.6861 | <0.01 | | Tumour | 3.3121 | 4.9605 | <0.01 | | Metastatic tumour | 1.4427 | 1.9215 | <0.01 | | Leukemia | 0.4678 | 0.583 | <0.01 | | Lymphoma | 1.4829 | 1.7272 | <0.01 | | AIDS | 1.3168 | 1.1235 | <0.01 | | HTN | 94.184 | 92.593 | <0.01 | | HTN complicated | 93.348 | 91.94 | <0.01 | | HTN uncomplicated | 3.9533 | 2.2847 | <0.01 | | Anticoagulants | 12.444 | 13.668 | <0.01 | | NSAIDs | 0.209 | 0.4154 | <0.01 | | Aspirin | 14.719 | 13.227 | <0.01 | | Atrial fibrillation | 21.12 | 27.921 | <0.01 | | Mitral valve disorder | 3.6557 | 3.5224 | 0.04 | | Mitral valve disorder—NOS | 1.6185 | 1.4102 | <0.01 | | Mitral regurgitation | 1.8458 | 1.9106 | 0.21 | | Mitral valve prolapse | 0.0514 | 0.0534 | 0.8 | | Mitral stenosis | 0.1556 | 0.1555 | 1 | | Aortic valve disorders | 3.6921 | 4.6156 | <0.01 | | Aortic valve disorder—NOS | 1.4379 | 1.7685 | <0.01 | | Aortic regurgitation | 0.4873 | 0.5114 | 0.42 | | Aortic stenosis | 1.7938 | 2.3722 | <0.01 | | Tricuspid valve disorders | 1.4374 | 1.3592 | 0.02 | | Tricuspid valve disorder—NOS | 1.1598 | 1.0737 | <0.01 | | Tricuspid stenosis | 0.0043 | 0.0024 | <0.01 | | Tricuspid regurgitation | 0.2735 | 0.283 | 0.59 | | Pulmonary valve disorder | 0.1016 | 0.0972 | 1 | | Pulmonary valve disorder—NOS | 0.046 | 0.0401 | 0.21 | | Pulmonary stenosis | 0.0019 | 0.0012 | <0.01 | | Pulmonary regurgitation | 0.0539 | 0.0559 | 0.81 | | Valvular heart disorders | 7.1724 | 7.9206 | <0.01 | | EGD | 2.192 | 39.948 | <0.01 | | Colonoscopy | 0.791 | 10.83 | <0.01 | | Blood transfusion | 12.767 | 47.024 | <0.01 | | Died | 4.687 | 9.2749 | <0.01 | | Length of stay | | | <0.01 | | Need for vasopressors | 1.1725 | 2.456 | <0.01 | | ECMO requirement | 0.033 | 0.0899 | <0.01 | | Mechanical ventilation | 7.6797 | 13.91 | <0.01 |
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Other race: any race other than listed; LDL: low density lipoprotein; MI: myocardial infarction; CHF: congestive heart failure; PVD: peripheral vascular disease; CVA: cerebral vascular disease; DVT: deep venous thrombosis; PE: pulmonary embolism; vWD: von Willebrand disease; CTD: connective tissue disease; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PUD: peptic ulcer disease; DM: diabetes mellitus; AIDS: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; HTN: hypertension; NOS: not otherwise specified; EGD: esophagogastroduodenoscopy.
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