Risk of Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease: The Link between Gut, Heart, and Kidneys

Table 2

Valvular heart diseases among ESRD patients with GIB.

	No. of valvular disease	Valvular disease	-Value
Total	75,809	6521
Age (years)			<0.01
<50	8277	327	<0.01
50–59	12,922	748	<0.01
60–69	21,828	1513	<0.01
70–79	20,236	2053	<0.01
>80	12,546	1880	<0.01
Female	34,028	3100	<0.01
Race
Caucasian	31,314	3234	<0.01
African American	25,540	1909	<0.01
Hispanic	10,566	690	<0.01
Asian or Pacific Islander	3426	326	<0.01
Native American	756	32	<0.01
Other race	2121	165	<0.01
Death	7078	558	0.04
LOS			0.7
Need for vasopressors	1845	177	0.16
ECMO	65	<11	0.17
MV	10,615	837	<0.01
Prior MI	5346	875	<0.01
CHF	31,514	4147	<0.01
PVD	11,752	1432	<0.01
CVA	6195	574	0.08
Dementia	5422	500	0.14
CTD	2916	276	0.13
COPD	14,911	1619	<0.01
Liver disease	14,361	1045	<0.01
Hemiplegia	1514	78	<0.01
AIDS	868	57	0.053
UGIB	29,541 (39)	2367 (36.3)	<0.01
LGIB	17,721 (23.4)	1719 (26.4)	<0.01
GIB—NOS	31,602	2711	0.86
Colon angiodysplasia	4855 (6.4)	591 (9.1)	<0.01
Stomach and duodenum angiodysplasia	6935 (9.2)	731 (11.2)	<0.01
Large intestine diverticulosis	5988 (7.9)	567 (8.7)	0.02
Small intestine diverticulosis	89	<11	<0.01
Esophageal varices and ulcer	3934 (5.2)	203 (3.1)	<0.01
Anticoagulation use	10,198	1055	<0.01
NSAID use	319	23	0.41
Aspirin	9906	984	<0.01
Atrial fibrillation	20,284	2703	<0.01
Hematemesis	1164	62	<0.01
Melena	2364	216	0.39
Colonoscopy	8223	693	0.59
EGD	30,281	2608	0.94
Blood transfusion	35,412	3303	<0.01
DM	43,223	3496	<0.01
HTN	70,126	6106	<0.01
Malignancy	5865	463	0.07

Other race: any race other than listed; LDL: low density lipoprotein; MI: myocardial infarction; CHF: congestive heart failure; PVD: peripheral vascular disease; CVA: cerebral vascular disease; DVT: deep venous thrombosis; PE: pulmonary embolism; vWD: von Willebrand disease; CTD: connective tissue disease; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PUD: peptic ulcer disease; DM: diabetes mellitus; AIDS: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; HTN: hypertension; NOS: not otherwise specified; GIB: gastrointestinal bleed; UGIB: upper gastrointestinal bleed; EGD: esophagogastroduodenoscopy; LOS: length of stay; LGIB: lower gastrointestinal bleeding; ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; MV: mechanical ventilation.