Heuristics, Biases, and Decisions in Resource Allocation for Home Care Packages under Consumer Directed Care: A Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis

Table 4

Data extraction.

Authors	Samples	Age range	% female	Objective	Keyword concept	Evaluation method	Measurement
Carpenter and Yoon [24]	NA	NA	NA	Review of extant research on effects of normal aging on cognition and decision processes	Consumer directed care; heuristics and biases in decision making	Narrative review of extant research	Expert review and commentary
Duner et al. [25]	2792 + 28	65+	69%	Investigate older users of home care views and opportunities to exert influence on how services are received	Home care package; consumer directed care	Combined postal survey with reports from qualitative interviews based on Hirschman’s framework of consumer strategies to evaluate what was defined as a “quasi-market”	Descriptive statistics and deductive thematic analysis
Elbel et al. [26]	1010	8–89	42%	Improve understanding of how to facilitate the choice process	Consumer directed care; allocative efficiency; heuristics and biases in decision making	Survey-based hypothetical choice experiment	Observed choice
Gill and Cameron [27]	11	60–71	81%	Elicit expectations for health services in the near future (next generation)	Consumer directed care; heuristics and biases in decision making	Constructivist ground theory informed identification of key characteristics, and an inductive approach was taken to thematic development	Qualitative coding-constructivist grounded theory
Gill et al. [13]	14	65+	NA	Explore consumer experience of consumer directed care	Home care package; consumer directed care;	Semi-structured in-depth interviews; thematic framework over transcripts in line with constructivist grounded theory	Thematic analysis of coded interviews
Hillcoat-Nalletamby [28]	29	Mean 81.5 (SD 8.3)	75%	Critical reflection on limitations of rational choice approach to understanding older people’s decision making	Home care; consumer-directed care; heuristics and biases in decision making	A critical reflection of the rational choice approach, developing an inductive model describing different choice pathways—proactive coping theory	In case and constant comparison
McWilliam et al. [29]	279	65+	NA	Explore cost consequences of clients choice to case management approaches in home care	Home care package; consumer directed care	Telephone survey with a natural experiment where participants chose their preferred method of case management	ANOVA and regression analysis
Rahja et al. [15]	15	70–94	75%	Understand decision making processes and spending preferences of community-dwelling seniors eligible for home care packages	Home care packages; consumer-directed care; heuristics and biases in decision making	Applied behavioural economic theory to a think-aloud process	Hypothetical choice experiment and thematic analysis of semistructured interviews
Rowland and Joyce [30]	38	NA	77.5%	Understand motives and drivers of spending decisions	Home care package; allocative efficiency	Semi-structured interviews in a thematic analysis	Inductive content analysis
Tymula et al. [31]	135	21–90	55%	How decision-making function changes across the life span by measuring risk and ambiguity attitudes in the gain and loss domains	Allocative efficiency heuristics and biases in decision making	Discrete choice experiment	Attitudes toward risk and ambiguity
Wang et al. [32]	318	Mean 77.3 (SD 7.11)	76%	Elicit preference (WTP) for community based long term care on level of flexibility in service provision	Home care package; consumer directed care; heuristics and biases in decision making	Applied random utility theory to a mixed methods analysis, combining a cross-sectional survey and a discrete choice experiment	Generalised multinomial logistic model (willingness to pay)