Exploring the Differences in Social Care Needs by the Degree of Obesity among Older Adults in England: A Cross-Sectional Study

Table 1

Description of variables and their summary analysis based on ELSA Wave eight dataset (n = 5640).

Variables	ELSA Wave 8 survey question ID	Measurement of variables	Variables coding	Sort cases by BMI ≥ 18.5
				n	%
Body mass index in kg/m^2	ehtm (from Wave 6) estwt	(Weight/height squared)
		Underweight	0	—	—
		Normal	1	1636	22.9
		Overweight	2	1670	23.4
		Obese	3	2334	32.7
Age in years	Indobyr iintdaty	(Interview year-year of birth)
		50–60	0	1347	23.9
		61–70	1	2163	38.4
		71–80	2	1413	25.1
		81+	3	717	12.7
Gender	Indsex	Female	0	2848	50.5
		Male	1	2792	49.5
Marital status	dimarr	Married/remarried/separated/legal partner	0	3689	65.4
		Unmarried/single/divorced/widowed	1	1948	34.5
Coresident status	Couple	Relationship status
		Neither	0	1681	29.8
		Married/Cohabit	1	3960	70.2
	Chinhh	Child in the household
		No	0	4282	75.9
		Yes	1	1358	24.1
	Gcinhh	Grandchild in the household
		No	0	5448	96.6
		Yes	1	192	3.4
		None	0	1353	24.0
		At least one (partner/children/grandchildren)	1	4288	76.0
Smoking status	Heska	Nonsmoker	0	3014	53.4
		Current smoker	1	547	9.7
Current alcohol intake (in last 12 months)	Scako	None/rarely	0	2203	39.1
		Frequently/daily	1	2805	49.7
Education	fqendm	Age full-time school education completed
		Never/≤14 years	0	403	7.1
		15–18 years	1	4125	73.1
		≥19 years/not yet finished	2	1111	19.7
Employment status	wpdes	Retired/unemployed	0	3865	68.5
		Employed/self-employed	1	1730	30.7
Self-rated health status	Hehelf	“Would you say your health is …”
		Excellent	0	649	11.5
		Very good	1	1636	29.0
		Good	2	1813	32.1
		Fair	3	1066	18.9
		Poor	4	477	8.5
Disability		Activities of daily living (ADL) 6 items
	Headldr	ADL: difficulty in dressing
	Headlwa headlba	ADL: difficulty in walking
	headlea	ADL: difficulty in bathing
	headlbe	ADL: difficulty in eating
	headlwc	ADL: difficulty getting in and out of bed
		ADL: difficulty using toilet
		No ADL	0	4681	83.0
		At least one	1	959	17.0
		Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) 9 items
	headlma	IADL: difficulty using map
	headlda	IADL: difficulty recognising physical danger
	headlpr	IADL: difficulty preparing a hot meal
	headlsh	IADL: difficulty shopping for groceries
	headlph	IADL: difficulty making phone calls
	headlsp	IADL: difficulty with communication
	headlme	IADL: difficulty taking medications
	headlho	IADL: difficulty working around house and garden
	headlmo	IADL: difficulty managing money
		No IADL	0	4511	80.0
		At least one	1	1129	20.0
Subjective chronic illness	Heill	Self-reportedlong-standing illness
		No	0	2553	43.1
		Yes	1	3087	54.7
Well-being or quality of life		Control, autonomy, self-realisation, pleasure (CASP) −19 scale 19 items (often/sometimes/not often/never)
	Scqola	CASP-19 scale: how often feels age prevents them from doing things they like
	Scqolb	CASP-19 scale: how often feels what happens to them is out of their control
	Scqolc	CASP-19 scale: how often feels free to plan for the future
	Scqold	CASP-19 scale: how often feels left out of things
	Scqole	CASP-19 scale: how often can do the things they want to do
	Scqolf	CASP-19 scale: how often family responsibilities prevent them from doing things
	Scqolg	CASP-19 scale: how often feels they can please themselves what they do
	Scqolh	CASP-19 scale: how often feels their health stops them from doing what they want to do
	Scqoli	CASP-19 scale: how often shortage of money stops them from doing things
	Scqolj	CASP-19 scale: how often look forward to each day
	Scqolk	CASP-19 scale: how often feels that their life has meaning
	Scqoll	CASP-19 scale: how often enjoys the things they do
	Scqolm	CASP-19 scale: how often enjoys being in the company of others
	Scqoln	CASP-19 scale: how often looks back on their life with a sense of happiness
	Scqolo	CASP-19 scale: how often feels full of energy these days
	Scqolp	CASP-19 scale: how often choose to do things they have never done before
	Scqolq	CASP-19 scale: how often feels satisfied with the way their life has turned out
	Scqolr	CASP-19 scale: how often feels that life is full of opportunities
	Scqols	CASP-19 scale: how often feels the future looks good for them
Informal social care receiving	Cahnno	Received no informal help with tasks
	Cahnhw	Received help with at least one task from husband/wife/partner
	Cahnso	Received help with at least one task from son
	Cahnda	Received help with at least one task from daughter
	Cahngc	Received help with at least one task from grandchild
	Cahnsi	Received help with at least one task from sister
	Cahnbr	Received help with at least one task from brother
	Cahnor	Received help with at least one task from other relative
	Cahnfr	Received help with at least one task from friend
	cahnne	Received help with at least one task from neighbour
		Not at all	0	4623	82.0
		At least one	1	1017	18.0
Formal social care receiving	cahnhc	Received help with at least one task from homecare worker/home help/personal assistant
	cahnnh	Received help with at least one task from a member of staff at care/nursing
	cahnre	Received help with at least one task from a member of the reablement team
	cahnvo	Received help with at least one task voluntary helper
	cahnwa	Received help with at least one task from the warden/sheltered housing manager
	cahncl	Received help with at least one task from a cleaner
	cahnhm	Received help with at least one task from a council handyman
		Received help with at least one task from another formal helper
		Not at all	0	5352	94.9
		At least one	1	288	5.1