Exploring the Differences in Social Care Needs by the Degree of Obesity among Older Adults in England: A Cross-Sectional Study

Table 4

Determining formal social care receiving.

Variable	Unadjusted						Adjusted
	B	S.E	Sig	Exp (B) (OR)	95% C.I. for exp(B)		B	S.E	Sig	Exp (B) (OR)	95% C.I. for exp(B)
					Lower	Upper					Lower	Upper
BMI
Normal	Ref
Overweight	−0.41	0.16	0.01	0.66	0.48	0.91	−0.38	0.26	0.13	0.68	0.41	1.12
Moderate obesity	−0.30	0.17	0.08	0.74	0.54	1.04	0.19	0.26	0.47	1.21	0.72	2.03
Severe obesity	−0.39	0.22	0.07	0.67	0.44	1.03	−0.16	0.33	0.63	0.85	0.45	1.63
Morbid obesity	0.30	0.21	0.16	1.35	0.89	2.04	0.70	0.31	0.03	2.01	1.08	3.71
Age
50–60	Ref
61–70	0.92	0.30	0.002	2.51	1.40	4.48	0.85	0.49	0.08	2.35	0.90	6.12
71–80	1.79	0.29	0.001	5.96	3.40	10.46	1.56	0.49	0.001	4.78	1.82	12.52
81+	3.02	0.28	0.001	20.55	11.83	35.67	2.04	0.51	0.001	7.70	2.82	21.06
Gender
Female	Ref
Male	−0.62	0.13	0.001	0.54	0.42	0.69	−0.30	0.20	0.13	0.74	0.50	1.10
Marital status
Married	Ref
Unmarried/others	1.27	0.13	0.001	3.57	2.79	4.56	−0.34	0.38	0.37	0.71	0.34	1.49
Coresidence
None	Ref
At least one	−1.53	0.12	0.001	0.22	0.17	0.28	−1.19	0.37	0.002	0.31	0.15	0.64
Smoking
No	Ref
Yes	−0.24	0.22	0.27	0.79	0.52	1.21	−0.26	0.30	0.37	0.77	0.43	1.38
Alcohol
Never/rarely	Ref
Frequently/daily	−0.53	0.14	0.001	0.59	0.45	0.77	0.33	0.19	0.09	1.39	0.95	2.02
Education
Never/≤14	Ref
15–18	−1.55	0.15	0.001	0.21	0.16	0.29	−0.23	0.26	0.40	0.80	0.47	1.35
≥19/not yet finished	−1.86	0.21	0.001	0.16	0.10	0.24	0.28	0.35	0.42	1.32	0.67	2.61
Employment
Retired/unemployed	Ref
Employed	−2.63	0.33	0.001	0.07	0.04	0.14	−0.31	0.45	0.49	0.73	0.31	1.76
ADL disability
None	Ref
At least one	2.11	0.13	0.001	8.25	6.45	10.57	0.34	0.21	0.12	1.40	0.92	2.12
IADL disability
None	Ref
At least one	3.01	0.15	0.001	20.37	15.09	27.49	2.00	0.24	0.001	7.41	4.62	11.88
Self-rated general health status
Fair/poor	Ref
Excellent/very good/good	−1.56	0.13	0.001	0.21	0.16	0.27	−0.22	0.23	0.34	0.80	0.52	1.26
Self-reported long-standing illness
No	Ref
Yes	1.96	0.19	0.001	7.12	4.91	10.33	0.65	0.29	0.03	1.91	1.08	3.37
Poor well-being by the CASP-19 scale	0.07	0.01	0.001	1.08	1.06	1.09	0.02	0.01	0.09	1.02	1.00	1.04
Constant							−5.31	0.91	0.001	0.005

Formal social care coding: none (0) and at least one (1).