|
| No | First author | Year | Study design | Location of the study | Sampling method | Sample size | Age range or mean age | Result of quality assessment |
| Female | Male |
|
| 1 | Masti and Fakhrayi [18] | 2014 | Cross-sectional survey | Urban (maragheh) | Multistage random sampling | 380 | 0 | Min: 25 | Fair |
| Max: Not reported |
| 2 | Rastegar et al. [19] | 2015 | Survey | Urban (shiraz) | Multistage cluster sampling | 374 | 0 | Min: 18 | Fair |
| Mean age: 46.25 |
| 3 | Yahyazadeh and Ramezani [20] | 2013 | Survey | Urban (Qurveh) | Multistage cluster sampling | 184 | 0 | 25–65 | Fair |
| 4 | Farokhnezhad Afshar et al. [21] | 2017 | Cross-sectional | Urban (Tehran) | Multistage cluster sampling | 226 | 324 | Min: 60 | Fair |
| Mean age = 66.10 ± 6.68 |
| 5 | Shokrollahi nezhad [22] | 2016 | Cross-sectional survey | Urban (Tehran) | Random | 182 | 0 | 18–45 | Fair |
| 6 | Mohammadi Asl [23] | 2016 | Cross-sectional survey | Urban (Khoy) | Simple random sampling | 168 | 0 | 16–52 | Fair |
| 7 | Hemmati et al. [24] | 2013 | Survey | Urban (Roudehen) | Random stratified sampling | 140 | 0 | Not reported | Fair |
| 8 | Nikvarz [25] | 2018 | Survey | Urban (Kerman) | Cluster sampling based on the 4 areas of the municipality | 380 | 0 | 15–45 | Fair |
| 9 | Shahbazi et al. [26] | 2017 | Survey | Rural (Ghalaeshahin district in the province) of Kermanshah | Two-stage cluster sampling | 209 | 0 | 15–63 | Fair |
| 10 | Kamali Dehghan [27] | 2012 | Survey | Urban (Karaj) | Multistage cluster sampling | 138 | 128 | Min: 19 | Fair |
| Max: Not reported |
| 11 | Hossaini Haji Bakandeh and Taghipour [28] | 2010 | Survey | Urban (Tehran) | Multistage cluster sampling | 340 | 0 | Not reported | Fair |
| 12 | Bokharaee et al. [29] | 2015 | Survey | Urban (Tehran) | Multistage cluster sampling and random sampling | 385 | 0 | 18–55 | Fair |
| 13 | Safiri and Mansoirian Ravandi [30] | 2015 | Survey | Urban (Tehran) | Cluster sampling | 180 | 240 | 18–29 | Fair |
| 14 | Yazdanpanah and Samadian [31] | 2008 | Survey | Urban (Kerman) | Multistage cluster sampling | 298 | 0 | Min: 16 | Fair |
| Max: Not reported |
| 15 | Najaf Abadi Azam [7] | 2011 | Survey | Urban (Esfahan) | Classification corresponding to individual distribution | 200 | 0 | 15–24 | Fair |
| 16 | Ahmadvand and Sharifzadeh [32] | 2011 | Survey | Rural (Boyer-Ahmad county) | Multistage cluster sampling | 250 | 0 | Min:16 | Fair |
| Max: Not reported |
| 17 | Alizadeh et al. [33] | 2014 | Survey | Urban (Kerman) | Cluster sampling | 300 | 0 | 18–73 | Fair |
| 18 | Farahmand et al. [34] | 2016 | Survey | Urban (Yazd) | Multistage cluster sampling | 566 | 0 | 19–62 | Fair |
| 19 | Azizmohammadi et al. [35] | 2019 | Cross-sectional | Urban (Baharestan county) | Convenience sampling | 291 | 0 | 28–50 | Fair |
| 22.75 ± 3.01 |
| 20 | Sharbatian et al. [36] | 2020 | Cross-sectional | Urban (Ferdows city in south Khorasan) | Multistage (cluster, random) | 304 | 0 | 20–45 | Fair |
| 29.69 |
| 21 | Amirifar et al. [37] | 2020 | Cross-sectional | Urban (Ahvaz) | Multistage (cluster, random) | 384 | 0 | ≥18 | Fair |
| 22 | Atefi Hanzani et al. [38] | 2021 | Cross-sectional | Urban (Rasht) | Multistage cluster sampling | 358 | 0 | Mean 43.85 (7.55) | Fair |
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