Association between Semen Exposure and Incident Bacterial Vaginosis

Table 2

Results of case-crossover analyses of associations between selected factors and incident bacterial vaginosis among HIV-infected U.S. women, HERS, 1993–2000*.

	Control visits	Case visits	Bivariable model		Multivariable model^†
	No.	No.	OR	(95% CI)	aOR	(95% CI)
Time-dependent factors
CD4+ group (cells/μL)
0–199	257	112	0.8	(0.4, 1.3)
200–499	544	228	0.8	(0.5, 1.2)
≥500	249	128	Referent
Trichomoniasis at preceding visit
Positive	100	74	1.2	(0.8, 1.9)
Negative	967	400	Referent
Vaginal Candidal culture at preceding visit
Positive	371	181	1.1	(0.9, 1.5)
Negative	695	290	Referent
Human papillomavirus at preceding visit
Positive	668	326	0.8	(0.6, 1.2)
Negative	392	143	Referent
Spermatozoa detected on Gram stain
Yes	70	48	1.5	(1.0, 2.3)	1.6	(1.1, 2.5)
No	998	427	Referent		Referent
Sexual behavior during previous 6 months^‡
Frequent coitus, inconsistent condom use	151	92	1.9	(1.2, 3.1)
Frequent coitus, consistent condom use	177	113	1.7	(1.1, 2.8)
Infrequent coitus, inconsistent condom use	118	46	1.2	(0.7, 2.0)
Infrequent coitus, consistent condom use	225	96	1.2	(0.8, 1.8)
Not sexually active	388	127	Referent
Female sex partner during previous 6 months
Yes	51	20	1.5	(0.6, 3.9)
No	1010	453	Referent
Douching within 48 hours
Yes	38	19	0.7	(0.4, 1.3)
No	1025	454	Referent
Current hormonal contraception use
Yes	30	23	2.4	(0.9, 6.7)
No	1037	452	Referent
Current injection drug use
Yes	159	97	2.1	(1.2, 3.5)	1.9	(1.1, 3.3)
No	907	378	Referent		Referent
Crack use during previous 6 months
Yes	107	81	1.8	(1.1, 2.9)	1.6	(1.0, 2.7)
No	959	394	Referent		Referent
Cigarette use during previous 6 months
Yes	758	364	1.4	(0.7, 2.7)
No	308	111	Referent

*Findings from conditional logistic regression model based on 475 case visits (i.e., visits with incident bacterial vaginosis) and 1068 control visits (i.e., visits without incident bacterial vaginosis) completed by 332 women with at least one case and one control visit.
^†Adjusted for all variables in column.
^‡Frequent coitus defined as ≥4 times per month and infrequent coitus defined as <4 times per month.