Research Article
Small-for-Gestational-Age Births in Pregnant Women with HIV, due to Severity of HIV Disease, Not Antiretroviral Therapy
Table 2
Socio-demographic, behavioral, and medical characteristics, by SGA at 10th percentile and SGA at 3rd percentile.
| | Variable | 10th percentile | 3rd percentile | SGA: no
n = 126 (%) | SGA: yes
n = 57 (%) | P value | SGA: no
n = 160 (%) | SGA: yes
n = 23 (%) | P value |
| | Age—mean (SD) | 27.7 (5.8) | 28.7 (7.0) | 0.411 | 27.9 (6.1) | 29 (6.7) |
0.337 | | Race—African American | 89 (71.2) | 47 (82.5) | 0.105 | 119 (74.8) | 17 (73.9) | 0.924 | | Race— all other | 36 (28.8) | 10 (17.5) | 40 (25.2) | 6 (26.1) | | Married | 17 (13.6) | 7 (12.5) | 0.840 | 21 (13.2) | 3 (13.6) | 0.956 | | Single | 108 (87.5) | 49 (87.5) | 138 (86.8) | 19 (86.4) | | Education—less than high school | 24 (19.1) | 12 (21.1) | 0.650 | 27 (16.9) | 9 (39.1) | 0.028 | | Education—high school/some high school | 58 (46.0) | 22 (38.6) | 73 (45.6) | 7 (30.4) | | Education—college/some college | 11 (8.7) | 8 (14.0) | 15 (9.4) | 4 (17.4) | | Education—unknown | 33 (26.2) | 15 (26.3) | 45 (28.1) | 3 (13.0) | | Parity—no children | 37 (30.6) | 18 (31.6) | 0.893 | 47 (30.3) | 8 (34.8) | 0.666 | | Parity—1 or more children | 84 (69.4) | 49 (68.4) | 108 (69.7) | 15 (65.2) | | Never smoked | 62 (49.2) | 18 (31.6) | 0.057 | 74 (46.3) | 6 (26.1) | 0.153 | | Ever smoked | 59 (46.8) | 34 (59.7) | 77 (48.1) | 16 (69.6) | | Ever smoked—unknown | 5 (4.0) | 5 (8.8) | 9 (5.6) | 1 (4.4) | | Not currently smoking | 75 (59.5) | 27 (47.4) | 0.250 | 93 (58.1) | 9 (39.1) | 0.056 | | Currently smoking | 45 (35.7) | 27 (43.9) | 57 (35.6) | 13 (56.5) | | Current smoking—unknown | 6 (4.8) | 5 (8.8) | 10 (6.3) | 1 (4.4) | | Never used illicit drugs | 71 (56.4) | 26 (45.6) | 0.396 | 85 (53.1) | 12 (52.2) | 0.671 | | Ever used illicit drugs | 52 (41.3) | 29 (50.9) | 70 (43.8) | 11 (47.8) | | Ever used illicit drugs—unknown | 3 (2.4) | 2 (3.5) | 5 (3.1) | 0 (0) | | Not currently using illicit drugs | 97 (76.9) | 44 (77.2) | 0.984 | 122 (77.3) | 19 (82.6) | 0.495 | | Currently using illicit drugs | 23 (18.3) | 10 (17.5) | 29 (18.1) | 4 (17.4) | | Currently using illicit drugs—unknown | 6 (4.8) | 3 (5.3) | 9 (5.6) | 0 (0) | | First viral load >1000 | 63 (50.0) | 38 (66.7) | 0.036 | 87 (54.4) | 14 (60.9) | 0.558 | | Last viral load >1000 | 17 (13.5) | 10 (17.5) | 0.474 | 22 (13.8) | 5 (21.8) | 0.312 | | First CD4 >200 | 94 (74.6) | 40 (70.2) | 0.531 | 122 (76.3) | 12 (52.2) | 0.015 | | Started medications in pregnancy | 91 (72.2) | 46 (80.7) | 0.221 | 116 (72.5) | 21 (91.3) | 0.052 | | ART started: prepregnancy | 35 (27.8) | 11 (19.3) | 0.532 | 44 (27.5) | 2 (8.7) | 0.069 | | ART started: first trimester | 19 (15.1) | 7 (12.3) | 23 (14.4) | 3 (13.0) | | ART started: second trimester | 58 (46.0) | 32 (56.1) | 73 (45.6) | 17 (73.9) | | ART started: third trimester | 14 (11.1) | 7 (12.3) | 20 (12.5) | 1 (4.4) | | NNRTI | 32 (25.4) | 7 (12.3) | 0.045 | 37 (23.1) | 2 (8.7) | 0.114 | | PI | 78 (61.9) | 39 (68.4) | 0.395 | 100 (62.5) | 17 (73.9) | 0.287 | | Gestational age at care entry—mean (SD) | 14.6 (7.6) | 14.9 (7.4) | 0.7029 | 14.8 (7.9) | 13.2 (3.6) | 0.9630 | | Gestational age at delivery—mean (SD) | 38.2 (1.9) | 37.6 (2.6) | 0.3071 | 38.1 (2.0) | 37.9 (3.0) | 0.7364 | | Infant birth weight (grams) —mean (SD) | 3111.1 (392.2) | 2434.2 (475.1) | <0.001 | 2980.2 (479.9) | 2344.1 (481.6) | <0.001 | | Low birth weight | 5 (4.0) | 26 (45.6) | <0.001 | 17 (10.6) | 14 (60.9) | <0.001 | | Preterm birth | 19 (15.1) | 15 (26.3) | 0.070 | 31 (19.4) | 3 (13.0) | 0.465 |
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ART, antiretroviral therapy; NNRTI, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitor; SD, standard deviation; SGA, small for gestational age.
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