Both Acute and Chronic Placental Inflammation Are Overrepresented in Term Stillbirths: A Case-Control Study
Table 1
(a) Maternal and child demographic data from stillborns and liveborn controls.
Variable
Stillborns
Liveborns
value
Gestational age in completed weeks
126
273
39.3 Ā± 1.2
ns
Maternal age
126
273
30.3 Ā± 5.3
<0.01
BMI
114
24.3 (18.2ā43.7)
259
23.1 (14.9ā47.1)
<0.001
Previous miscarriage
124
35 (28.2)
269
45 (16.7)
<0.01
Smoking at registration in maternity centre
122
13 (10.7)
266
17 (6.4)
ns
Smoking at 32 weeks
104
7 (6.7)
221
10 (4.5)
ns
Primipara
124
68 (54.8)
269
142 (52.8)
ns
Previous stillbirth (ā„1 para)
56
2 (3.6)
127
0 (0.0)
ns*
Sever illness or pregnancy complication
126
13 (10.3)
273
26 (9.5)
ns
Hb at registration in maternity centre
122
262
127.5 Ā± 11.1
ns
Induction of labour
126
70 (55.6)
273
37 (13.6)
<0.001
Caesarean section
126
10 (7.9)
273
26 (9.5)
ns
Sex of the infant (male/female)
126
60/66 (47.6/52.4)
273
153/120 (56.0/44.0)
ns
Birth weight
126
273
3560 Ā± 509
<0.001
Small for gestational age
126
27 (21.4)
273
8 (2.9)
<0.001
BMI: body mass index; Hb: hemoglobin concentration; ns: not significant BMI was not related to age in linear logistic regression Data are presented as mean Ā± SD, median (min-max) or (%); Studentās -test, Mann-Whitney U-test, Chi-squared test, or Fisherās exact test*.
(b) Histopathological findings in placentas from stillborns and liveborn controls.
Variable
Stillborns
Liveborns
value
Placental weight
126
431.0 Ā± 107.9
269
483.1 Ā± 97.7
<0.001
Low placental weight versus gestational age
126
64 (50.8)
269
90 (33.5)
<0.001
Immature placental villi
126
18 (14.3)
273
7 (2.6)
<0.001
Infarction
126
50 (39.7)
273
80 (29.3)
<0.05
Intervillous thrombosis
126
43 (34.1)
273
71 (26.0)
ns
Fetal thrombosis
126
80 (63.5)
272
44 (16.2)
<0.001
Chorioamnionitis
126
82 (65.1)
273
111 (40.7)
<0.001
āChorioamnionitis grade 1
ā
40 (31.7)
ā
80 (29.3)
ā
āChorioamnionitis grade 2-3
ā
42 (33.3)
ā
31 (11.4)
ā
Vasculitis and/or funisitis
126
37 (29.4)
272
43 (15.8)
<0.01
Villitis
126
23 (18.3)
273
14 (5.1)
<0.001
āVillitis <1%
ā
8 (6.4)
ā
5 (1.8)
ā
āVillitis ā„1%
15 (11.9)
9 (3.3)
Data are presented as mean Ā± SD or (%); Studentās -test, Chi-squared test.