Review Article

Preconception and Contraceptive Care for Women Living with HIV

Table 4

Components of the preconception evaluation for women living with HIV.

(1) History
 (a) Comprehensive HIV history: when diagnosed; history of OIs or other HIV-related illnesses; ARV history (including use in prior
pregnancies); reason for change in ARV regimens (adverse effects, resistance, tolerability); adherence history/challenges; results of
resistance tests; nadir and current CD4 count; current HIV-RNA level
 (b) Obstetric/Gynecological (OB/GYN) history
  (i) Pregnancy history: number of previous pregnancies and their outcomes: miscarriages, abortions, ectopic pregnancy,
   preterm births; number of living children and ages; number of HIV-infected children; pregnancy complications (preterm labor,
   preeclampsia, birth defects, and so forth); mode of deliveries
  (ii) GYN history: prior and current contraception use and satisfaction with method, adverse effects; current condom use; history
  of sexually transmitted/genital tract infections; difficulty getting pregnant in past; abnormal pap smears and treatment;
  other GYN problems and treatment (e.g., fibroids, endometriosis, etc.)
 (c) General medical/surgical history: other medical conditions (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, renal or cardiac disease, depression or
 other psychiatric illness, etc.); all prior surgeries; blood type and history of transfusions; allergies
 (d) Immunization history: HBV, HAV, influenza, pneumococcus, HPV, tetanus
 (e) Medications: complete list, including over-the-counter or complementary medications
 (f) Nutrition assessment: vegetarian or other special diet, use of nutritional supplements/vitamins, history of anemia or nutritional
 deficiencies
 (g) Social history: relationship status; use of illicit drugs/tobacco/alcohol; employment status; social support and disclosure to
 partner/others; economic support; history of domestic violence and nature of violence (physical, sexual, psychological)
 (h) Family history of heritable diseases: birth defects, chromosomal abnormalities, muscular dystrophy, sickle cell disease,
 mental retardation, etc.
 (i) Relevant male partner history: HIV status and knowledge of partner’s status; if HIV-infected: disclosure history; history of OIs,
 other HIV-related conditions; ART history and history of adverse effects, resistance, adherence problems; nadir/current CD4 count;
 current HIV-RNA level; medical/reproductive history; medications; use of illicit drugs, tobacco, alcohol; employment
(2) Examination: comprehensive, with focus on genital tract
(3) Laboratory: emphasis on labs that will affect counseling and/or result in changes in care prior to pregnancy
 (a) STI screening (gonorrhea/chlamydia; syphilis; HSV culture or HSV-2 antibody (if indicated by exam or history in patient
 or partner)
  (b) CBC
  (c) Current CD4/HIV-RNA, resistance testing (if indicated)
  (d) Rubella
  (e) Hepatitis: HBV: HBsAb (if no history of HBV vaccination), HBsAg; HCV antibody, HCV-RNA, if indicated
  (f) Pap
  (g) Other as indicated by medical history, medications