Postnatal Cytomegalovirus Exposure in Infants of Antiretroviral-Treated and Untreated HIV-Infected Mothers

Table 3

Association between breast milk log₁₀CMV DNA and HIV-1 RNA load and growth of breastfed HIV-exposed, uninfected infants.

Outcome measure (𝑛=55)	CMV DNA load associations		HIV-1 RNA load associations
	Crude	Adjusted^c	Crude	Adjusted
Six-month 𝑍-score^a	𝑍 (95% CI)	𝑍 (95% CI)	𝑍 (95% CI)	𝑍 (95% CI)
Weight for length	−0.05; (−0.40, 0.29)	−0.03; (−0.36, 0.30)	0.30; (−0.03, 0.63)	0.40; (−0.04, 0.83)
Length for age	−0.48; (−0.99, −0.08)	−0.52; (−0.93, −0.10)	−0.17; (−0.59, 0.26)	−0.35; (−0.92, 0.21)
Weight for age	−0.40; (−0.67, −0.12)	−0.39; (−0.66, −0.13)	0.13; (−0.17, 0.42)	0.11; (−0.26, 0.47)
Change in 𝑍-score^b	Δ𝑍 (95% CI)	Δ𝑍 (95% CI)	Δ𝑍 (95% CI)	Δ𝑍 (95% CI)
Weight for length	0.63; (−0.05, 1.30)	0.72; (0.04, 1.40)	0.22; (−0.47, 0.91)	−0.62; (−1.50, 0.27)
Length for age	−0.04; (−0.56, 0.48)	−0.29; (−0.84, 0.26)	−0.39; (−0.93, 0.15)	0.20; (−0.55, 0.96)
Weight for age	0.20; (−0.03, 0.43)	0.16; (−0.05, 0.38)	−0.01; (−0.25, 0.23)	−0.04; (−0.34, 0.26)

 ^aNumbers in the table represent difference in 𝑍-score at six months of age associated with a one-log₁₀ increase in average breast milk CMV load.
^bNumbers in the table represent difference in differences: the change in delta-𝑍-score between six months of age and four to six weeks of age associated with a one-log₁₀ increase in average breast milk CMV load.
^cAdjusted analysis accounts for infant birth weight and gestational age and maternal HAART use, age, and CD4 count.