Human Papillomavirus Infection as a Possible Cause of Spontaneous Abortion and Spontaneous Preterm Delivery

Table 2

HPV prevalence in pregnancies with adverse outcome. Studies investigating HPV prevalence in pregnancies with adverse outcome. (a) Spontaneous abortion. (b) Spontaneous preterm delivery.

(a) HPV prevalence in spontaneous abortion

	HPV positive cases/all cases (%)						Geographical origin	HPV detection method	References
	Cervix			Placenta
		HPV positive cases	%		HPV positive cases	%
Spontaneous abortion				84	48	57.1	USA	PCR	Srinivas et al. 2006 [29]
	139	34	24.5				Latin America	PCR	Conde-Ferráez et al. 2013 [36]
				51	9	17.7	Europe	PCR	Skoczyński et al. 2011 [43]
				108	8	6.5	Europe	PCR	Matovina et al. 2004 [28]
				102	0	0	Europe	PCR	Sifakis et al. 1998 [60]
				27	19	70.4	Europe	PCR	Malhomme et al. 1997 [62]
				25	15	60.0	USA	PCR	Hermonat et al. 1997 [18]
Total	139	34	24.5	397	99	24.9

(b) HPV prevalence in spontaneous preterm delivery

	HPV positive cases/all cases (%)						Geographical origin	HPV detection method	References
	Cervix			Placenta
		HPV positive cases	%		HPV positive cases	%
Spontaneous preterm delivery	45	7	15.6				Asia	Hybrid capture assay	Cho et al. 2013 [35]
				30	15	50.0	USA	PCR	Gomez et al. 2008 [20]
	70	47	67.1				USA	Hybrid capture assay	Zuo et al. 2011 [21]
Total	115	54	47.0	30	15	50.0